紫錐花學名Echinacea spp.，英文名Coneflower、Purple Coneflower，菊科紫錐菊(松果菊)屬多年生草本植物，又稱紫錐菊、錐菊、松果菊、紫松果菊，原產於北美洲中部至東部，所謂「紫錐花」係指紫錐菊屬中之一些品種，含Echinacea angustifolia、Echinacea paradoxa、Echinacea purpurea、Echinacea tennesseensis與雜交育成，多園藝栽培種，株高約六十至一百五十公分，根黑色，常有濃烈氣味，全株具粗毛，莖直立，單葉，具基生葉與莖生葉，基生葉叢生狀，莖生葉單葉互生，基生葉卵形、三角形、卵狀披針形，莖生葉長卵形、披針形，端部漸尖，基部楔狀，延伸至莖部，全緣葉，葉面綠至深綠色，羽狀脈，葉脈中肋於葉背隆起，側脈不顯著，不具托葉，葉柄短或近無葉柄，葉柄基部略抱莖狀，單性花、兩性花，上位花，整齊花，頭狀花序，輻射對稱，頂生，頭花單生或數枚聚生，頭花梗長，從莖基部抽出，可達十公分，花托扁平，托片線形至錐形，總苞圓柱形、鐘形，多層，覆瓦狀排列，外圍舌狀花是雌花，通常一輪，花萼筒成鬚狀，花冠線形、長披針形、披針形、舌形，常反折，花色多，如：紫紅、粉紅、紅、黃、橙、紫、白..等色或複色，檐部二至四裂，裂片(花瓣)合生，中央管狀花是兩性花，花萼退化，花冠管狀，多枚排列成半球形、圓錐形，花橙黃、金黃、黃、紫、紫黑、紫紅、淺綠...等色，檐部五裂，裂片(花瓣)合生，雄蕊五枚，著生於花冠筒，花絲分離，花藥二室，縱裂，花藥癒合成花藥筒(聚藥雄蕊)，抱生柱頭，雌蕊心皮二枚，合生，花柱細長，柱頭分叉，子房下位，子房一室，底生(基生)胎座，胚珠倒生，瘦果，果頂具冠毛，種子橢圓形、倒卵形，黃褐、黑褐色。
紫錐花(Echinacea)屬常見之品種有：
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Echinacea angustifolia(紫錐花)
Echinacea laevigata
Echinacea pallida(蒼白松果菊)
Echinacea pallida 'Hula Dancer'
Echinacea paradoxa(黃花松果菊、黃花紫椎菊)
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Echinacea purpurea(紫錐菊、紫松果菊)
Echinacea purpurea 'Avalanche'
Echinacea purpurea 'Baby Swan White'
Echinacea purpurea 'Coconut Lime'
Echinacea purpurea 'Daydream'
Echinacea purpurea 'Delicious Candy'
Echinacea purpurea 'Doppelganger'
Echinacea purpurea 'Elton Knight'
Echinacea purpurea 'Evening Glow'
Echinacea purpurea 'Fancy Frills'：粉紅
Echinacea purpurea 'Green Envy'：紫+綠
Echinacea purpurea 'Green Eyes'：桃紅
Echinacea purpurea 'Green Jewel'：淺綠
Echinacea purpurea 'Green Twister'
Echinacea purpurea 'Greenline'
Echinacea purpurea 'Guava Ice'
Echinacea purpurea 'Gum Drop'
Echinacea purpurea 'Happy Star'
Echinacea purpurea 'Hope'
Echinacea purpurea 'Hot Lava'
Echinacea purpurea 'Irresistible'
Echinacea purpurea 'Kim's Knee High'
Echinacea purpurea 'Kim's Mophead'
Echinacea purpurea 'Lilliput'
Echinacea purpurea 'Magnus'
Echinacea purpurea 'Magnus Superior'
Echinacea purpurea 'Mellow Yellows'：黃
Echinacea purpurea 'Meringue'
Echinacea purpurea 'Merlot'
Echinacea purpurea 'Milkshake'：白
Echinacea Purpurea 'Prairie Splendor'
Echinacea purpurea 'Pica Bella'
Echinacea purpurea 'Pink Double Delight'：粉紅
Echinacea purpurea 'Pink Poodle'：粉紅
Echinacea purpurea 'Pow Wow White'：白
Echinacea purpurea 'Pow Wow Wild Berry'：紫紅
Echinacea purpurea 'Primadonna Deep Rose'
Echinacea purpurea 'Primadonna White'
Echinacea purpurea 'Profusion'
Echinacea purpurea 'Purity'：白
Echinacea purpurea 'Quills and Thrills'
Echinacea purpurea 'Raspberry Truffle'
Echinacea purpurea 'Razzmatazz'
Echinacea purpurea 'Ruby Giant'
Echinacea purpurea 'Ruby Star'
Echinacea purpurea 'Secret Affair'
Echinacea purpurea 'Southern Belle'
Echinacea purpurea 'Sunbird'
Echinacea purpurea 'Tweety'
Echinacea purpurea 'Virgin'：白
Echinacea purpurea 'White Double Delight'：白
Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan'：白
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Echinacea sanguinea
Echinacea tennesseensis(紫錐花)
Echinacea tennesseensis 'Rocky Top'
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Agastache × hybrida 'Arizona sandstone'(雜交品種)
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Echinacea 'All That Jazz'
Echinacea 'Aloha'
Echinacea 'Amazing Dream'
Echinacea 'Big Kahuna'
Echinacea 'Burgundy Fireworks'
Echinacea 'Butterfly Kisses'
Echinacea 'Caribbean Green'：紫+綠
Echinacea 'Cheyenne spirit'
Echinacea 'Chiquita'
Echinacea 'Cinnamon Cupcake'
Echinacea 'Cleopatra'
Echinacea 'Colorburst Orange'
Echinacea 'Coral Craze'
Echinacea 'Coral Reef'
Echinacea 'Cranberry Cupcake'
Echinacea 'Double Decker'
Echinacea 'Double Scoop Bubblegum'
Echinacea 'Double Scoop Cranberry'
Echinacea 'Double Scoop Orangeberry'：橘紅
Echinacea 'Double Scoop Raspberry'
Echinacea 'Emily Saul'
Echinacea 'Fatal Attraction'
Echinacea 'Ferris Wheel'
Echinacea 'Firebird'
Echinacea 'Flame Thrower'
Echinacea 'Fragrant Angel'
Echinacea 'Glowing Dream'
Echinacea 'Green Twister'：紫+綠
Echinacea 'Hot Papaya'
Echinacea 'Hot Summer'
Echinacea 'Julia'
Echinacea 'Katie Saul'
Echinacea 'KISMET Intense Orange'：橙
Echinacea 'Leilani'
Echinacea 'Lemon Drop'
Echinacea 'Little Angel'
Echinacea 'Mac 'n' Cheese'
Echinacea 'Mama Mia'
Echinacea 'Mango Meadowbrite'
Echinacea 'Marmalade'
Echinacea 'Matthew Saul'
Echinacea 'Maui Sunshine'
Echinacea 'Meteor Red'：紅
Echinacea 'Meteor Yellow'：黃
Echinacea 'Mini Belle'：桃紅
Echinacea 'Now Cheesier'
Echinacea 'Orange Fascinator'：橙
Echinacea 'Orange Passion'：橙
Echinacea 'Paranoia'
Echinacea 'Phoenix'
Echinacea 'Pixie Meadowbrite'
Echinacea 'Pow Wow White'：白
Echinacea 'Pow Wow Wild Berries'
Echinacea 'Rainbow Marcella'
Echinacea 'Raspberry Tart'
Echinacea 'Rosita'
Echinacea 'Satin Nights'
Echinacea 'Secret Desire'
Echinacea 'Secret Glow'
Echinacea 'Secret Joy'
Echinacea 'Secret Love'
Echinacea 'Secret Lust'
Echinacea 'Secret Passion'
Echinacea 'Secret Pride'
Echinacea 'Secret Romance'
Echinacea 'Solar Flare'
Echinacea 'Sombero Tres Amigos'：酒紅
Echinacea 'Sombrero Adobe Orange'：橙
Echinacea 'Sombrero Baja burgundy'：酒紅
Echinacea 'Sombrero Granada Gold'：金黃
Echinacea 'Sombrero Hot Coral'：橘紅
Echinacea 'Sombrero Hot Pink'：粉紅
Echinacea 'Sombrero Lemon Yellow'：黃
Echinacea 'Sombrero Lemon Yellow Improved'：黃
Echinacea 'Sombrero Salsa Red'：紅
Echinacea 'Sombrero Tres Amigos'：洋紅
Echinacea 'Summer Sun'：橙至粉紅
Echinacea 'Sunny Days Ruby'：紅
Echinacea 'Sunrise'：淺黃
Echinacea 'Supreme Cantaloupe'：淺橘黃
Echinacea 'Supreme Elegance'：玫瑰紅
Echinacea 'Supreme Flamingo'：玫瑰紅
Echinacea 'Tangerine Dream'：橘黃
Echinacea 'Tiki Torch'：橘黃
Echinacea 'Tomato Soup'：紅
Echinacea 'Twilight'：紅
Echinacea 'Vanilla Cupcake'：白
Echinacea 'Vintage Wine'：酒紅
Echinacea 'White Swan'：白
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