草玉露

草玉露學名Haworthia cymbiformis var. obtusa、Haworthia obtusa，獨尾草(阿福花、日光蘭、黃脂木)科十二卷(鷹爪草、瓦葦、軟葉瓦葦)屬多年生常綠肉質植物，又稱水晶殿、水晶宮殿、姬玉蟲、圓頭玉露、玉露牡丹，多園藝栽培種，「寶草(Haworthia cymbiformis)」之變種，有栽培出數園藝品種，單生或叢生，易群生，株小，根肉質，莖極短，一般高約五、六公分，單葉互生，緊密排列，如基生葉般，呈蓮座狀，少兩列疊生或螺旋狀排列，開花後葉簇顯得鬆散些，葉匙狀、寬卵形、寬舌形，呈三角圓錐狀，端部鈍圓，有時有小突刺，基部延伸至短莖，葉全緣或細鋸齒，葉肉質肥厚，表面有暗綠斑紋，葉色隨光強弱而略變化，葉面草綠、淺綠、淺青綠色，半透明狀或不透明，有淡青、青綠、淡青綠、淡綠色之斑紋，無明顯葉脈，靠近葉緣有窗，無托葉，無葉柄，兩性花，整齊花，總狀花序，花序腋生，花序梗長，花葶纖細，自葉簇中央之葉腋間抽生而出，超出葉簇，花長於花序梗端，疏鬆排列，具花梗，花小，花冠長筒狀，輻射對稱，略彎，花白色，中央常泛粉紅色，檐部六裂，裂片(花瓣)長卵狀、披針狀，合生，雄蕊六枚，近等長，花藥二裂，雌蕊心皮三枚，合生，花柱細長，絲狀，柱頭小，子房上位，子房三室，中軸胎座，蒴果，漿果狀，圓柱形至近球形，室背開裂，種子三、四枚，三稜形。

寶草學名Haworthia cymbiformis (Haw.) Duval、Aloe cuspidata (Haw.) Schult. & Schult. f.、Aloe cymbaefolia Schrad.、Aloe cymbiformis Haw.、Aloe hebes Schult. & Schult. f.、Aloe planifolia (Haw.) Schult. & Schult. f.、Apicra cymbifolia (Schrad.) Willd.、Catevala cuspidata (Haw.) Kuntze、Catevala cymbiformis (Haw.) Kuntze、Haworthia concava Haw.、Haworthia cuspidata Haw.、Haworthia cymbiformis f. gracilidelineata (Poelln.) Pilbeam、Haworthia gracilidelineata Poelln.、Haworthia lepida G. G. Sm.、Haworthia planifolia f. agavoides Triebner & Poelln.，獨尾草(阿福花、日光蘭、黃脂木)科十二卷(鷹爪草、瓦葦、軟葉瓦葦)屬多年生常綠肉質植物，又稱三角琉璃蓮、翡翠蓮、水晶掌、銀波錦、京之華、玻璃蘭、壽，原產於南非，是「寶草(Haworthia cymbiformis)」系列之通稱，多園藝栽培種或變種，有栽培出數品種，如：'Cathedral Window'、'Cuspidata、'Cuspidata Variegata'、'Frogmouth'、'Howiesonpoort'、'Incurvula'(曲乙蓮、乙女傘)、'Kleinmond'、'Rose'(玫瑰寶草)...等，單生或叢生，易群生，株小，根肉質，莖極短，一般高約五、六公分，單葉互生，緊密排列，如基生葉般，呈蓮座狀，少兩列疊生或螺旋狀排列，開花後葉簇顯得鬆散，葉長圓形、寬舌形、匙狀、寬卵形、披針形、鈍三角形、三角圓錐狀，端部鈍圓，有時有小突刺、小突尖，基部延伸至短莖，葉全緣，有時具緣毛，葉肉質肥厚，葉色隨光強弱而略變化，通常葉面翠綠、草綠、淺綠、黃綠、綠、青綠、墨綠、淡黃粉色，半透明狀或不透明，有些品種有暗褐、褐、青、暗綠色之條紋或斑塊，有些葉緣呈粉紅色，無明顯葉脈，有不明顯之網狀或縱向線條，靠近葉緣有時有窗，無托葉，無葉柄，兩性花，整齊花，總狀花序，花序腋生，花序梗長，花葶纖細，自葉簇中央之葉腋間抽生而出，超出葉簇，花長於花序梗端，疏鬆排列，具花梗，花小，花冠長筒狀，輻射對稱，略彎，花白、白綠色，中央常泛粉紅色，先端六裂，長卵狀、披針狀，雄蕊六枚，近等長，花藥二裂，雌蕊心皮三枚，合生，花柱細長，絲狀，柱頭小，子房上位，子房三室，中軸胎座，蒴果，漿果狀，圓柱形至近球形，室背開裂，種子三、四枚，三稜形。

草玉露(Haworthia obtusa)常見之園藝品種有：
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Haworthia obtusa(草玉露、水晶殿、水晶宮殿、姬玉蟲、圓頭玉露、玉露牡丹)
Haworthia obtusa var. pilifera(白斑玉露、玉露錦)
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Haworthia obtusa × esterhuisenii
Haworthia obtusa × Haworthia comptoniana 'Sansenjyu'(三仙壽)
Haworthia obtusa × Haworthia comptoniana '?'(小三仙)
Haworthia obtusa × Haworthia maughanii
Haworthia obtusa Blue × Haworthia cooperi Hybrid
Haworthia obtusa hyb.(雜交)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(水晶玉露)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(藍滴)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(流星)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(帝玉露)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(雫繪卷)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(寬葉櫻水晶)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(特紋玉露)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(光之玉露)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(東港)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(有刺玉露)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(大型藍色鏡片)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(秋之祭)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(赤線水晶)
Haworthia obtusa hyb. '?'(鋸聲玉露)
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Haworthia obtusa 'Back Window'(裏窗)
Haworthia obtusa 'Big Amethyst'(大紫水晶)
Haworthia obtusa 'Big Litchi'(大荔)
Haworthia obtusa 'Di Da'(帝大玉露)
Haworthia obtusa 'Dodson'(紫肌玉露)
Haworthia obtusa 'Dream Ball'(夢球)
Haworthia obtusa 'Giant Leaves'(大葉玉露)
Haworthia obtusa 'Green Peony'(綠牡丹)
Haworthia obtusa 'Green Woody'(綠木)
Haworthia obtusa 'Hei Kuei'(黑葵)
Haworthia obtusa 'Ikura'(鮭魚卵)
Haworthia obtusa 'Jade'(大玉、翡翠玉露)
Haworthia obtusa 'Jellyfish'(糯玉露)
Haworthia obtusa 'Jin Gang'(金剛玉露)
Haworthia obtusa 'Kyodai Akasen Lens'(巨大赤線)
Haworthia obtusa 'Love Heart'(愛之壽、愛心壽)
Haworthia obtusa 'Luna'(月神)
Haworthia obtusa 'Lyu Lian Hua'(綠蓮花)
Haworthia obtusa 'Lyu Po'(綠波)
Haworthia obtusa 'Marin'(馬琳錦、瑪琳玉露錦)
Haworthia obtusa 'Mirror Ball'(鏡球)
Haworthia obtusa 'Orange Silk'(橘絲)
Haworthia obtusa 'Purple Komachi'(紫小町)
Haworthia obtusa 'Red Rock'(紅岩玉露)
Haworthia obtusa 'Round Window'
Haworthia obtusa 'Sansenjyu'(三仙壽)
Haworthia obtusa 'Silver Mirror'(銀鏡)
Haworthia obtusa 'Summer Love'(夏之戀)
Haworthia obtusa 'Tianjin'(天津玉露)
Haworthia obtusa 'Tree Ice'(樹冰)
Haworthia obtusa 'Yamada Black'(黑肌玉露、黑姬玉露)
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常見之寶草(Haworthia cymbiformis)品系之品種有：
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Haworthia cymbiformis(寶草、三角琉璃蓮、翡翠蓮、水晶掌、銀波錦、京之華、玻璃蘭、壽)
Haworthia cymbiformis var. angustata(京之華錦)
Haworthia cymbiformis var. cymbiformis(原變種)
Haworthia cymbiformis var. incurvula(草玉露、水晶殿)
Haworthia cymbiformis var. obtusa(草玉露、水晶殿、水晶宮殿、姬玉蟲、圓頭玉露、玉露牡丹)
Haworthia cymbiformis var. ramosa(枝蓮、乙女傘)
Haworthia cymbiformis var. reddii(冰玉蓮)
Haworthia cymbiformis var. setulifera(毛葉蓮、千扇)
Haworthia cymbiformis var. transiens(Haworthia transiens)(青玉蓮、三角琉璃蓮、菊日傘、蟬翼玉露)
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Haworthia cymbiformis 'Cathedral Window'
Haworthia cymbiformis 'Cuspidata'
Haworthia cymbiformis 'Cuspidata Variegata'
Haworthia cymbiformis 'Frogmouth'
Haworthia cymbiformis 'Howiesonpoort'
Haworthia cymbiformis 'Incurvula'(曲乙蓮、乙女傘)
Haworthia cymbiformis 'Kleinmond'
Haworthia cymbiformis 'Little Cup'(達摩寶草、胖寶草)
Haworthia cymbiformis 'Rose'(玫瑰寶草)
Haworthia cymbiformis 'Variegata'(寶草錦、京之華錦、凝脂菊錦、凝脂菊)
Haworthia cymbiformis '?'(紫殿)
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