台灣姑婆芋學名Alocasia cucullata Schott & Endl.、Arum cucullata Lour.、Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) Schott、Alocasia rugosa (Desf.) Schot、Arum cucullatum Lour.、Caladium colocasia Schott ex Wight、Caladium cucullatum (Lour.) Pers.、Caladium rugosum Desf.、Colocasia cochleata Miq.、Colocasia rugosa (Desf.) Kunth、Panzhuyuia omeiensis Z. Y. Zhu ，英文名Chinese Taro、Chinese Ape，天南星科海芋(姑婆芋)屬多年生草本植物，又稱尖尾姑婆芋、佛手芋、小葉姑婆芋、老虎芋、大麻芋、假海芋、尖尾芋、番芋、觀音蓮，原產於中國、台灣、印度，株高三十至八十公分，根莖粗短，肉質，植物有草酸鈣結晶，地上莖圓柱形，粗三至六公分，黑褐色，莖直立，具環形葉痕，通常由基部伸出許多短縮芽條，發出新枝，成叢生狀，具根生葉與莖生葉，多根生葉，根生葉叢生狀，莖生葉單葉互生，螺旋狀排列，葉寬卵狀心形、卵狀心形、廣卵狀、半盾狀、盾狀、箭形，端部銳尖、驟狹，具凸尖，基部圓狀心形，全緣葉，葉長約十至四十公分，七至二十八公分，膜質至亞革質，葉面深綠、濃綠色，有光澤，葉背稍淡，羽狀脈，呈掌狀，中肋與一級側脈較粗，側脈五至八對，其中下部二對由中肋基部出發，下傾，弧曲上升，葉柄由中部至基部擴大成葉鞘，寬鞘，膜質，綠色，無托葉，葉柄長二十五至八十公分，生於葉近基端下表面，綠色，單性花、中性花，雌雄同株，肉穗花序，長約十公分，綠色，直立，雌花著生於花軸下方，雄花著生於花軸上方，中性花之不孕雄花著生於花軸中段，花序梗圓柱形，稍粗壯，常單生，長二十至三十公分，雌花花序長十五至二十五公釐，圓柱形，基部斜截形，中部粗約七公釐，不育雄花序(中性花)長二、三公分，粗約三公釐公分，能育雄花序近紡錘形，長約三十五公釐，中部粗約八公釐，蒼黃、黃色，附屬器淡綠、黃綠色，狹圓錐形，長約三十五公釐，下部粗約六公釐，苞片佛焰苞狀，比肉穗花序長，近肉質，綠色，易脫落，管部長圓狀卵形，長四至八公分，粗二至五公分，淡綠至深綠色，簷部狹舟狀，邊緣內捲，先端具狹長凸尖，長五至十公分，寬三至五公分，外面上部呈淡黃色，下部淡綠色，無花被，雄蕊二、四、八枚，合生柱狀，倒金字塔形，頂部截平，近六角形，與花被對生，花藥二室，退化雄蕊三至八枚，合生柱狀，倒金字塔形，頂部扁平，雌蕊心皮一至三枚或四枚，合生，雌花無退化雌蕊，子房上位，子房一室，基生胎座，漿果，近球形，徑六至八公釐，熟時紅色，種子少數，約一枚。
「海芋屬」種檢索表：
A.葉柄生於葉基端。-----★台灣姑婆芋
A.葉柄生於近基端之下表面(葉盾狀)。
＿B.葉長不及20cm，先端漸尖。-----★蘭嶼姑婆芋
＿B.葉長於50cm，先端短漸尖。-----★姑婆芋
海芋(Alocasia)屬常見之品種有：
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Alocasia acuminata
Alocasia advincula
Alocasia advincula 'Bat Wing'
Alocasia aequiloba
Alocasia alba
Alocasia amazonica(黑葉觀音蓮)
Alocasia amazonica 'Amazonica'
Alocasia argyrea
Alocasia arifolia
Alocasia atropurpurea
Alocasia augustiana
Alocasia aurea
Alocasia aurea 'Mystic'
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Alocasia balgooyi
Alocasia beccarii
Alocasia boa
Alocasia boyceana
Alocasia brancifolia
Alocasia brisbanensis
Alocasia brisbanensis 'Tiny Dancers'
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Alocasia cadierii
Alocasia celebica
Alocasia clypeolata
Alocasia clypeolata 'Green Shield'
Alocasia coriacea
Alocasia cucullata(台灣姑婆芋、尖尾姑婆芋、佛手芋)
Alocasia cucullata 'Buddhas Palm, Chinese Taro'
Alocasia cucullata 'Triangularis'
Alocasia culionensis
Alocasia cuprea(龜甲觀音蓮、大花葉芋)
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Alocasia decipiens
Alocasia decumbens
Alocasia denudata
Alocasia devansayana
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Alocasia evrardii
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Alocasia fallax
Alocasia flabellifera
Alocasia flemingiana
Alocasia fornicata
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Alocasia gageana
Alocasia gageana 'Albo-variegata'
Alocasia grandis
Alocasia grandis 'Purple Prince'
Alocasia grata
Alocasia guttata
Alocasia guttata 'Bullatta'
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Alocasia hainanica(南海芋)
Alocasia heterophylla
Alocasia hollrungii
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Alocasia indica(紫葉觀音蓮)
Alocasia infernalis
Alocasia infernalis 'Kapit'
Alocasia inornata
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Alocasia kerinciensis
Alocasia korthalsi(銀脈觀音蓮、科氏觀音蓮)
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Alocasia lancifolia
Alocasia lauterbachiana
Alocasia longiloba(大葉觀音蓮、大觀音蓮)
Alocasia longiloba 'Argentea'
Alocasia longiloba 'Magnifica'
Alocasia lowii(樓氏觀音蓮、樓氏海芋)
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Alocasia macrorrhiza(姑婆芋、細葉姑婆芋、海芋)
Alocasia macrorrhiza 'Lutea'
Alocasia macrorrhiza 'Variegata'(斑葉姑婆芋、雲斑葉姑婆芋、斑葉海芋)
Alocasia macrorrhizos(蘭嶼姑婆芋)
Alocasia macrorrhizos var. brisbanensis
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Black Stem'
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Borneo Giant'
Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek'
Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek Variegata'
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Lutea'
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Mae Chang'
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'New Guinea Gold'
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Odora'
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Seven Colors'
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Shock Treatment'
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Variegata'
Alocasia macrorrhizos 'Variegata'(斑葉姑婆芋、雲斑葉姑婆芋、斑葉海芋)
Alocasia maquilingensis
Alocasia melo
Alocasia micholitziana
Alocasia minuscula
Alocasia monticola
Alocasia mortefontanensis(莫特方坦觀音蓮)
Alocasia micholitziana(絨葉觀音蓮)
Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek'
Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek Variegata'
Alocasia micholitziana 'Variegated Frydek'
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Alocasia navicularis
Alocasia nebula
Alocasia nebula 'Imperialis'
Alocasia nicolsonii
Alocasia nishihira
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Alocasia odora(姑婆芋)
Alocasia odora 'California'
Alocasia odora 'Variegata'
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Alocasia pangeran
Alocasia peltata
Alocasia perakensis
Alocasia plumbea
Alocasia plumbea 'Cue-Ball'
Alocasia plumbea 'Metallica'
Alocasia plumbea 'Nigra'
Alocasia portei(裂葉觀音蓮)
Alocasia portei 'Malaysian Monster'
Alocasia princeps
Alocasia princeps 'Purple Cloak'
Alocasia principiculus
Alocasia puber
Alocasia puter
Alocasia putii
Alocasia putzeysi(波緣觀音蓮)
Alocasia pyrospatha
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Alocasia ramosii
Alocasia rapiformis
Alocasia regina
Alocasia reginae
Alocasia reginae 'Miri'
Alocasia reginula
Alocasia reginula'Black Velvet'
Alocasia reginae 'Miri'
Alocasia reversa
Alocasia ridleyi
Alocasia robusta
Alocasia rugosa
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Alocasia sanderiana(美葉觀音蓮、美葉芋)
Alocasia sanderiana 'Nobilis'
Alocasia sarawakensis
Alocasia scabriuscula
Alocasia scabriuscula 'LRO'
Alocasia scalprum(甲骨文觀音蓮、長葉犀牛皮觀音蓮)
Alocasia simonsiana
Alocasia sinuata
Alocasia suhirmaniana
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Alocasia tigrina
Alocasia tigrina 'Superba'
Alocasia triangularis
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Alocasia veitchii
Alocasia venusta
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Alocasia watsoniana(大王觀音蓮、沃森觀音蓮)
Alocasia wentii(盾葉觀音蓮)
Alocasia wentii 'Variegata'
Alocasia wongii
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Alocasia zebrina(虎斑觀音蓮)
Alocasia zebrina 'Dewey's Reversa'
Alocasia zebrina 'Reticulata'
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Alocasia × amazonica(黑葉觀音蓮)
Alocasia × amazonica 'Albo-Variegata'
Alocasia × amazonica 'Polly'(寶麗觀音蓮)
Alocasia × bachi
Alocasia × chantrieri(大齒觀音蓮)
Alocasia × chantrieriana
Alocasia × conspicua(Alocasia longiloba × Alocasia odora)
Alocasia × gaulainii
Alocasia × hiro(麗斑觀音蓮)
Alocasia × mortfontanensis
Alocasia × portora
Alocasia × rodigasiana
Alocasia × sedenii(亮葉觀音蓮)
Alocasia × van-houtteana
Alocasia × 'Green Velvet'
Alocasia × 'Stingray'(黃貂魚海芋)
Alocasia alocasia × amazonica
Alocasia alocasia × amazonica 'Polly'
Alocasia odora × Alocasia portei
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Alocasia 'Amazonica'
Alocasia 'Blackie'
Alocasia 'Brian Williams'
Alocasia 'Calidora'
Alocasia 'Corozon'
Alocasia 'Dewey's Reversa'
Alocasia 'Elaine'
Alocasia 'Fantasy'
Alocasia 'Frydek'(綠天鵝絨海芋)
Alocasia 'Green Velvet Variegated'
Alocasia 'Hilo Beauty'
Alocasia 'Mayan Mask'
Alocasia 'Poly'
Alocasia 'Portodora'
Alocasia 'Portora'
Alocasia 'Prince'(王子觀音蓮)
Alocasia 'Purpley'
Alocasia 'Sarian'
Alocasia 'Silver Dragon'(白犀牛海芋、銀龍海芋、銀龍觀音蓮)
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