勳章菊

勳章菊學名Gazania Gaertn.、Gazania Arctotis × hybrid，英文名Gazania、Treasure Flower，菊科勳章菊屬一至多年生草本植物，又稱勳章花、非洲太陽花、非洲光陽菊、加扎尼恩，原產於南非、莫三比克，多園藝栽培種或雜交育成，通常是以Gazania linearis(勳章菊)、Gazania(蛇目勳章菊)、Gazania pectinata(羽葉勳章菊)三者之雜交系統為主，主要有黎明系列、丑角系列，宿根性，株高十五至四十公分，有根莖，莖綠色，常密被細絨毛，基生葉，叢生狀或從根部輪生，葉線狀匙形、披針形、線形，有羽狀葉，端部鈍形，有小突尖，基部楔形漸狹，葉全緣至淺羽裂，葉長約十五公分，葉面綠至深綠色，葉背較淺色，有些品種兩面會生銀灰、白色絲狀柔絹細毛，羽狀脈，中肋較明顯，不具托葉，無葉柄或近無葉柄，單性花、兩性花，上位花，整齊花，頭狀花序，頂生，頭花盤狀，頭花徑約四至八公分，頭花梗長，花托半球形，無托片，具托毛，總苞半球形，多層，總苞片橢圓狀披針形，綠色，邊緣透明膜質，外層較內層大，外圍舌狀花是雌花，花萼冠毛狀或退化，花冠舌形，花色多，花紅、橙、褐、紫、粉、黃、白...等色，或雙色、複色，基部常有環狀黑至褐色斑紋，排列如黑色眼斑狀，稍具紙質，檐部二至四裂，裂片(花瓣)合生，中央管狀花是兩性花，花金黃色，檐部五裂，裂片(花瓣)合生，花藥癒合成花藥筒(聚藥雄蕊)，包圍花柱，花絲分離，著生於花冠上，雌蕊心皮二枚，合生，花柱細長，突出於花冠，柱頭二叉，裂片短，鈍或截形，子房下位，子房一室，基生(底生)胎座，胚珠倒生，瘦果，具冠毛，鱗片狀，無胚乳。

勳章菊(Gazania)常見園藝品種有：
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Gazania caespitosa
Gazania ciliaris
Gazania heterochaeta
Gazania jurineifolia
Gazania krebsiana(=Gazania pavonia)
Gazania leiopoda
Gazania lichtensteinii
Gazania linearis(勳章菊)
Gazania maritima
Gazania nivea
Gazania othonnites
Gazania pectinata(羽葉勳章菊)
Gazania rigen(=Gazania × splendens)(蛇目勳章菊)
Gazania rigida
Gazania schenckii
Gazania serrata
Gazania tenuifolia
Gazania thermalis
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Gazania var. leucolaena(蔓生勳章菊)
Gazania var. leucolaena 'Sun Gold'
Gazania var. leucolaena 'Sunburst'
Gazania var. leucolaena 'Sunglow'
Gazania var. leucolaena 'Sunrise Yellow'
Gazania var. rigens(叢生勳章菊)
Gazania var. rigens 'Aztec'
Gazania var. rigens 'Aztec Orange'
Gazania var. rigens 'Aztec Queen'
Gazania var. rigens 'Burgundy'
Gazania var. rigens 'Copper King'
Gazania var. rigens 'Fiesta Red'
Gazania var. rigens 'Goldrush'
Gazania var. rigens 'Moonglow'
Gazania var. uniflora
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Gazania 'Big Kiss White Flame'
Gazania 'Big Kiss Yellow Flame'
Gazania 'Burgundy'
Gazania 'Chansonette'(小調)
Gazania 'Christopher Lloyd'
Gazania 'Colorado Gold'
Gazania 'Colorama'
Gazania 'Daybreak'(黎明)
Gazania 'Gazoo Red'
Gazania 'Daybreak Bronze'
Gazania 'Daybreak Garden Sun'
Gazania 'Daybreak Mix'
Gazania 'Daybreak Pink'
Gazania 'Daybreak Red Stripe'
Gazania 'Daybreak Rose Stripe'
Gazania 'Daybreak Tiger Stripes Mixed'
Gazania 'Daybreak Yellow'
Gazania 'Dynastar Cranberry Sorbet'
Gazania 'Dynastar Vanilla Ice'
Gazania 'Fiesta Red'
Gazania 'Fire Emerald'
Gazania 'Frosty Kiss Mix'
Gazania 'Frosty Kiss White Flame'
Gazania 'Frosty Pink'
Gazania 'Gold Rush'
Gazania 'King Rose'
Gazania 'Kiss'(校吻)
Gazania 'Kiss Bronze'
Gazania 'Kiss Frosty White'
Gazania 'Kiss Mix'
Gazania 'Kiss Orange Flame'
Gazania 'Kontiki Stars & Stripes'
Gazania 'Mini Star'(迷你星)
Gazania 'Mini Star White'
Gazania 'Mitzuwa Yellow'
Gazania 'Moon Glow'
Gazania 'New Day Bronze Shades'
Gazania 'Pink Trailing'
Gazania 'Radiant Red'
Gazania 'Silver Talent'
Gazania 'Strawberry Shortcake Mixture'
Gazania 'Sun'(太陽)
Gazania 'Sun Gold'
Gazania 'Sunburst'
Gazania 'Sunglow'
Gazania 'Sunshine Mix'
Gazania 'Sunrise Yellow'
Gazania 'Talent'(天才)
Gazania 'Tanager'
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Gazania Arctotis × hybrid cultivar(雜交)
Gazania Arctotis × hybrid 'Copper King'
Gazania Arctotis × hybrid 'Daybreak Red Stripe'
Gazania Arctotis × hybrid 'Sundance'
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