搜尋此網誌

2024年1月17日 星期三

乞食碗

 

乞食碗學名Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook.、Hydrocotyle heyneana Wall. nomen nudum、Hydrocotyle hispida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don、Hydrocotyle nepalensis var. longipes DC.、Hydrocotyle polycephala Wight & Arn.、Hydrocotyle strigosa Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.、Hydrocotyle zeylanica DC.、Hydrocotyle zeylanica var. heyneana DC.,英文名Nepal Pennywort,五加科天胡荽亞科天胡荽屬多年生草本植物,又稱含殼錢草、紅骨含殼草、紅骨蚶殼仔草、馬蹄草、紅馬蹄草、大馬蹄草、銅錢草、鬧魚草、大樣駁骨草、尼泊爾天胡荽、天胡荽、變地忽、變地錦、一串錢、金錢薄荷,原產於全球熱帶至溫帶地區,株高五至四十五公分,莖匍匐或平臥,有斜上分枝,莖節生不定根或分生短枝,直立或斜上,質柔軟,被疏細毛,通常由節上生出葉,單葉互生,葉圓腎形、腎形、近圓形,端部鈍圓,葉基凹心狀,葉緣五至七淺裂,裂緣三淺裂,鈍鋸齒緣,葉長一至五公分,寬三至九公分,葉膜質至硬膜質,葉面翠綠、綠色,葉背較淡,葉兩面疏被紫色短硬毛,放射狀羽狀脈,約七至九條,似掌狀,細脈網狀,托葉圓心形,長一、二公釐,膜質,頂端鈍圓或有淺裂,葉柄長約二至二十七公分,纖細,上部密被白柔毛,下部無毛或有毛,兩性花,繖形花序,花序具花二十至六十枚,密集成球形或頭狀,花序腋生,花序單出或四至八枚簇生於莖端葉腋,花序梗短於葉柄,長五至二十五公釐,有柔毛,花梗短,長約一公釐,稀無柄或超過二公釐,花梗基部有小總苞片,卵形、倒卵形,膜質,花萼萼齒甚微或無,花冠輻狀,呈星形,花綠白、白、乳白、淡黃白色,有時有紫紅色斑點,花瓣五枚,卵形,漸尖形,先端銳,早落,雄蕊五枚,與花瓣互生,花藥淺褐色,丁字著生,二室,縱裂,雌蕊心皮二枚,合生,花柱二枚,圓柱形,長約不足半公釐,著生於花盤上,幼時內卷,花後向外反曲,基部隆起,圓錐形或扁平,分泌花蜜,柱頭二枚,子房下位,子房一、二室,中軸胎座,或說基生胎座,每室具胚珠一枚,離果,扁圓形,長與寬約一、二公釐,雙懸果,單一或成聚,近圓形,兩側扁壓,光滑或有紫色斑點,熟後常黃褐或紫黑色,中稜與背稜顯著,分果片二枚,近無果瓣柄,種子半圓形,扁平狀。

天胡荽(Hydrocotyle)屬原屬於繖形科,依APG II分類法移入五加科。

乞食碗(Hydrocotyle nepalensis)雖有稱之「金錢薄荷(Glechoma hederacea var. grandis)」、「天胡荽(Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides)」者,學名不同,三者係不同品種。

「天胡荽屬」種檢索表:
A.葉深裂,至少超過2/3長度。
▁B.葉上面光滑無毛或近無毛。...■台灣天胡荽
▁B.葉上面密被白色粗毛。...■菲島天胡荽
A.葉淺裂,通常不超過1/3。
▁B.葉密被白色粗毛。...■阿里山天胡荽
▁B.葉無毛或微被毛。
▁▁C.葉柄密被毛。
▁▁▁D.葉寬0.3-1.5cm。...■毛天胡荽
▁▁▁D.葉寬2-7cm。...■乞食碗
▁▁C.葉柄無毛。
▁▁▁D.葉被疏白毛,果4-6顆聚集。...■基隆天胡荽
▁▁▁D.葉無毛,果6-10顆聚集。...■天胡荽

天胡荽(Hydrocotyle)屬常見之品種有:
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle acutiloba
Hydrocotyle algida
Hydrocotyle asiatica(雷公根) 註:歸雷公根屬(Centella)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle batrachium(台灣天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle benguetensis(菲島天胡荽、呂宋天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle bonariensis(大葉銅錢草)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle calcicola(石山天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle callicarpa
Hydrocotyle changanensis(長安天胡荽)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle delicata(姬天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dichondroides(毛天胡荽、毛柄天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dichondroides var. dichondroides(毛天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dichondroides var. tatunensis(大屯山天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dielsiana(裂葉天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dissecta
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle foveolata
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle geraniifolia
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle heteromeria
Hydrocotyle himalaica(喜馬拉雅天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle hirta
Hydrocotyle hookeri(阿薩姆天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle hookeri subsp. chinensis(中華天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle hookeri subsp. handelii(普渡天胡荽)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle javanica(爪哇天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle javanica var. chinensis(中華胡荽、地彈花)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle keelungensis(基隆天胡荽)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle leucocephala(白頭天胡荽、金錢草、香香草)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle moschata
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle nepalensis(乞食碗、紅馬蹄草)
Hydrocotyle novae-zelandiae
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle pedicellosa(大雷公根)
Hydrocotyle peduncularis
Hydrocotyle peltiformis
Hydrocotyle podantha(柄花天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle prolifera
Hydrocotyle pseudoconferta(密繖天胡荽、密傘天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle pterocarpa
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle ramiflora(長梗天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle ranunculifolia(毛茛葉天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle setulosa(阿里山天胡荽、刺毛天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle salwinica(怒江天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides(天胡荽、南美天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. batrachium
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. sibthorpioides(原變種)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. tuberifera(基隆天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides 'Crystal Confetti'
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides 'Lawn Pennywort'
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides 'Variegata'
Hydrocotyle sp. australia(澳洲天湖葵)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle trachycarpa
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle umbellata(繖形天胡荽)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle verticillata(銅錢草、錢幣草、銅幣草、圓幣草、南美天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle vulgaris(野天胡荽、香菇草、盾葉天胡荽)
----------------------------------------------
Hydrocotyle wilfordii(腎葉天胡荽、惠氏天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle wilsonii(鄂西天胡荽)
----------------------------------------------










沒有留言:

張貼留言