天胡荽學名Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.、Hydrocotyle keelungensis Liu, Chao & Chuang、Hydrocotyle monticola Hook. f.、Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb. ex DC.、Hydrocotyle tenella Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don、Hydrocotyle tuberifera Ohwi、Hydrocotyle americana var. monticola (Hook. f.) Hiern、Hydrocotyle perexigua Hance、Hydrocotyle puncticulata Miq.、Hydrocotyle zollingeri Molk.、Geophila yunnanensis H. Lv.、Chondrocarpus sibthorpioides Sweet,五加科天胡荽亞科天胡荽屬多年生草本植物,又稱遍地錦、變地錦、滿地錦、鋪地錦、遍地青、遍地金、地光錢草、圓葉止血草、翳子草、醫予草、鵝不食草、金錢草、朦翳草、明鏡草、星星草、星秀草、小金錢草、小銅錢草、小葉金錢草、小葉銅錢草、地光錢草、江西金錢草、魚鱗草、石胡荽、盆上莞荽、盆山芫荽、地芫荽、水芫荽、野芫荽、野園荽、野圓荽、假芫荽、密傘天胡荽、南美天胡荽、落地金錢、落地梅花、園地炮、圓地炮、滿天星、滿山星、破銅錢、破同錢、滴滴金、商滴金、盆上芫茜、地星宿、落得打、花邊燈盞、龍燈碗、千金方、細葉錢鑿口,原產於東南亞,有園藝栽培種,如:'Crystal Confetti'、'Lawn Pennywort'、'Variegata'...等,植株具匍匐性,莖匍匐地面,纖細,光滑無毛,分枝多,節上背面生不定根,表面長葉,單葉互生,葉圓心形、近圓形、圓腎形,五至七淺裂,有三處淺中裂,裂端圓鈍,基部心形,葉緣三至五中裂,裂緣三至五圓齒,兩緣擠近相接,葉長約八至十二公釐,寬約六至十五公釐,葉紙質,葉面深綠、翠綠色,表面具光澤,光滑,放射狀羽狀脈,似掌狀,細脈網狀,托葉膜質,淡褐色,半透明狀,闊三角形,具長葉柄,兩性花,繖形花序,頭狀排列,腋生,叢生狀,花序與葉對生,著生於節上,具小花五、六枚,總梗綠色,絲狀,花梗長不足半公釐,總苞片宿存,苞片綠白色,卵狀披針形,花萼合生筒狀,萼齒微小或不明顯,萼片五枚,綠白色,卵狀三角形,長寬不足半公釐,與子房合生,花冠幅形、星形,輻射對稱,花徑約一公釐,花乳白、綠白色,早落,花瓣五枚,通常內曲,鑷合狀排列,雄蕊五枚,與花瓣互生,花藥淺褐色,丁字著生,二室,縱裂,雌蕊心皮二枚,合生,花柱二枚,圓柱形,長約不足半公釐,著生於花盤上,基部膨大,成花柱基,圓錐形或扁平,分泌花蜜,子房綠色,扁球形,高與徑不足一公釐,厚不足半公釐,子房下位,子房一、二室,中軸胎座,或說基生胎座,每室具胚珠一枚,扁狀橢圓球形,離果,扁球形、近球形,長與寬約一公釐,綠、褐色,雙懸果,分果片二枚,無果瓣柄,果熟分離,具五縱稜,果稜明,先端具宿存花柱,果梗長不足半公釐,種子半圓形,扁平狀。
天胡荽(Hydrocotyle)屬原屬於繖形科,依APG II分類法移入五加科。
「天胡荽屬」種檢索表:
A.葉深裂,至少超過2/3長度。
﹍B.葉上面光滑無毛或近無毛。...■台灣天胡荽
﹍B.葉上面密被白色粗毛。...■菲島天胡荽
A.葉淺裂,通常不超過1/3。
﹍B.葉密被白色粗毛。...■阿里山天胡荽
﹍B.葉無毛或微被毛。
﹍﹍C.葉柄密被毛。
﹍﹍﹍D.葉寬0.3-1.5cm。...■毛天胡荽
﹍﹍﹍D.葉寬2-7cm。...■乞食碗
﹍﹍C.葉柄無毛。
﹍﹍﹍D.葉被疏白毛,果4-6顆聚集。...■基隆天胡荽
﹍﹍﹍D.葉無毛,果6-10顆聚集。...■天胡荽
天胡荽(Hydrocotyle)屬常見之品種有:
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Hydrocotyle acutiloba
Hydrocotyle algida
Hydrocotyle asiatica(雷公根) 註:歸雷公根屬(Centella)
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Hydrocotyle batrachium(台灣天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle benguetensis(菲島天胡荽、呂宋天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle bonariensis(大葉銅錢草)
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Hydrocotyle calcicola(石山天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle callicarpa
Hydrocotyle changanensis(長安天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle delicata(姬天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dichondroides(毛天胡荽、毛柄天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dichondroides var. dichondroides(毛天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dichondroides var. tatunensis(大屯山天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dielsiana(裂葉天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dissecta
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Hydrocotyle foveolata
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Hydrocotyle geraniifolia
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Hydrocotyle heteromeria
Hydrocotyle himalaica(喜馬拉雅天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle hirta
Hydrocotyle hookeri(阿薩姆天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle hookeri subsp. chinensis(中華天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle hookeri subsp. handelii(普渡天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle javanica(爪哇天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle javanica var. chinensis(中華胡荽、地彈花)
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Hydrocotyle keelungensis(基隆天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle leucocephala(白頭天胡荽、金錢草、香香草)
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Hydrocotyle moschata
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Hydrocotyle nepalensis(乞食碗、紅馬蹄草)
Hydrocotyle novae-zelandiae
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Hydrocotyle pedicellosa(大雷公根)
Hydrocotyle peduncularis
Hydrocotyle peltiformis
Hydrocotyle podantha(柄花天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle prolifera
Hydrocotyle pseudoconferta(密繖天胡荽、密傘天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle pterocarpa
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Hydrocotyle ramiflora(長梗天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle ranunculifolia(毛茛葉天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides
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Hydrocotyle setulosa(阿里山天胡荽、刺毛天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle salwinica(怒江天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides(天胡荽、南美天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. batrachium
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. sibthorpioides(原變種)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. tuberifera(基隆天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides 'Crystal Confetti'
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides 'Lawn Pennywort'
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides 'Variegata'
Hydrocotyle sp. australia(澳洲天湖葵)
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Hydrocotyle trachycarpa
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Hydrocotyle umbellata(繖形天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle verticillata(銅錢草、錢幣草、銅幣草、圓幣草、南美天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle vulgaris(野天胡荽、香菇草、盾葉天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle wilfordii(腎葉天胡荽、惠氏天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle wilsonii(鄂西天胡荽)
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