銅錢草

銅錢草學名Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb.，英文名Whorled Umbrella Plant，五加科天胡荽亞科天胡荽屬多年生草本植物，又稱錢幣草、銅幣草、圓幣草、金錢草、蚶殼草、少脈香菇草、迷你香菇草、香菇草、盾葉天胡荽、南美天胡荽、小香菇、香菇錢，原產於熱帶南美洲，植株具匍匐性或挺水性，莖細長，匍匐地面，常帶紫紅色，節上生根，無毛或略具毛，莖節明顯，節間會長出根與葉，每一節各長一枚葉，可一直延伸，單葉互生，葉圓腎形、圓形盾狀，狀似銅錢，端部與葉緣圓鋸齒，葉長寬各約二至五公分，葉紙質，葉面綠、深綠、翠綠色，有光澤，無毛，放射狀羽狀脈，似掌狀，葉脈由中心朝外呈放射性排列，約十三至十五條，葉面於兩條葉脈間有微凹，托葉膜質，半透明狀，闊三角形，葉柄長五至十五公分，葉柄貼近葉面中心，纖細，兩性花，繖形花序，頭狀排列，腋生，花序呈二、三層輪生於總花梗上，總花梗長五至十五公分，綠色，小花梗長二至九公釐，總苞片宿存或無，花萼合生筒狀，萼片小，萼齒甚微或闕如，與子房合生，花小，花冠幅形、星形，輻射對稱，花徑約一公釐，花綠白、淡黃白、黃綠色，花瓣五枚，卵形，鑷合狀排列，先端圓鈍，常內曲，早落，雄蕊五枚，與花瓣互生，花藥淺褐色，丁字著生，二室，縱裂，雌蕊心皮二枚，合生，花柱二枚，圓柱形，極短，著生於花盤上，基部膨大為花柱基，圓錐形或扁平，常分泌花蜜，柱頭二枚，子房下位，子房二室，中軸胎座，或說基生胎座，每室具胚珠一枚，離果，扁圓形，徑約二公釐，側邊扁平，雙懸果，果稜明顯，分果片二枚，果熟分離，無果瓣柄，種子半圓形，扁平狀。

「大葉銅錢草(Hydrocotyle bonariensis)」與「銅錢草(Hydrocotyle verticillata)」兩者外貌相似，學名不同，係不同品種，據資料顯示，「大葉銅錢草」葉約手掌心大小。

天胡荽(Hydrocotyle)屬原屬於繖形科，依APG II分類法移入五加科。

天胡荽(Hydrocotyle)屬常見之品種有：
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Hydrocotyle acutiloba
Hydrocotyle algida
Hydrocotyle asiatica(雷公根) 註：歸雷公根屬(Centella)
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Hydrocotyle batrachium(台灣天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle benguetensis(菲島天胡荽、呂宋天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle bonariensis(大葉銅錢草)
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Hydrocotyle calcicola(石山天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle callicarpa
Hydrocotyle changanensis(長安天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle delicata(姬天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dichondroides(毛天胡荽、毛柄天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dichondroides var. dichondroides(毛天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dichondroides var. tatunensis(大屯山天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dielsiana(裂葉天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle dissecta
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Hydrocotyle foveolata
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Hydrocotyle geraniifolia
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Hydrocotyle heteromeria
Hydrocotyle himalaica(喜馬拉雅天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle hirta
Hydrocotyle hookeri(阿薩姆天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle hookeri subsp. chinensis(中華天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle hookeri subsp. handelii(普渡天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle javanica(爪哇天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle javanica var. chinensis(中華胡荽、地彈花)
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Hydrocotyle keelungensis(基隆天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle leucocephala(白頭天胡荽、金錢草、香香草)
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Hydrocotyle moschata
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Hydrocotyle nepalensis(乞食碗、紅馬蹄草)
Hydrocotyle novae-zelandiae
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Hydrocotyle pedicellosa(大雷公根)
Hydrocotyle peduncularis
Hydrocotyle peltiformis
Hydrocotyle podantha(柄花天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle prolifera
Hydrocotyle pseudoconferta(密繖天胡荽、密傘天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle pterocarpa
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Hydrocotyle ramiflora(長梗天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle ranunculifolia(毛茛葉天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides
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Hydrocotyle setulosa(阿里山天胡荽、刺毛天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle salwinica(怒江天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides(天胡荽、南美天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. batrachium
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. sibthorpioides(原變種)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. tuberifera(基隆天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides 'Crystal Confetti'
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides 'Lawn Pennywort'
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides 'Variegata'
Hydrocotyle sp. australia(澳洲天湖葵)
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Hydrocotyle trachycarpa
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Hydrocotyle umbellata(繖形天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle verticillata(銅錢草、錢幣草、銅幣草、圓幣草、南美天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle vulgaris(野天胡荽、香菇草、盾葉天胡荽)
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Hydrocotyle wilfordii(腎葉天胡荽、惠氏天胡荽)
Hydrocotyle wilsonii(鄂西天胡荽)
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