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2023年9月2日 星期六

彩葉蚌蘭

彩葉蚌蘭學名Tradescantia spathacea 'Hawaiian Dwarf'、Tradescantia spathacea 'Dwarf Tricolor'、Tradescantia spathacea 'Tricolor'、Tradescantia spathacea 'Variegata'、Tradescantia spathacea 'Variegated Dwarf'、Tradescantia spathacea 'Versicolor'...等,英文名Variegated Oyster Plant,鴨跖草科水竹草(蚌蘭、紫露草、吊竹草)屬多年生草本植物,又稱彩虹蚌蘭、斑葉蚌蘭、紫錦蘭,園藝栽培種,有栽培出數品種,非指單一品種,植株高十至三十公分,莖粗壯,帶肉質,紫、暗紫、淡紫紅色,莖上部近直立、直立,下部平臥狀、匍匐狀,具節,節上常生鬚根,基部多分枝(分櫱),呈叢生狀,單葉互生,二列或螺旋狀排列,緊貼,葉披針形、長披針形、長圓形,端部漸尖、銳尖,基部延伸,抱莖,基部邊緣常有白色細長毛,葉全緣,葉長約十至三十公分,寬約一至四公分,多肉質,質厚而脆,易折,葉面暗綠、青綠、灰綠、綠色,夾雜乳黃、乳白色縱紋,葉緣泛紫色,葉背深綠至暗紫色,葉面有軟絨毛,葉基部成鞘狀,無托葉,無葉柄,兩性花,整齊花或微不整齊花,花單出、簇生、聚繖花序,或呈圓錐狀排列,多數聚生,腋生,具短花梗,纖細,紫色,彎曲,總苞佛焰苞狀,葉片狀,呈卵狀披針形、蚌殼狀,壓扁,苞片二枚,左右分開,淡紫、紫色,常帶有絲狀,宿存,花序包藏於總苞內,花開後閉合,呈果狀而下垂,萼片三枚,紫紅、紫至綠色,長披針形、長三角形,分離,花瓣狀,花冠三角幅形,輻射對稱,開展,花白色,花瓣三枚,倒卵形、近圓形,分離,雄蕊六枚,全部發育,花絲白或紫色,被羽狀長髯毛,離生,附著於花瓣基部,花絲長度與花平面齊,花藥黃色,花粉囊二枚,雌蕊心皮三枚,合生,花柱紫色,略長於花絲,柱頭白色,柱頭頭狀,子房長橢圓形,子房無柄,子房上位,子房三室,中軸胎座,每室具胚珠一、二枚,常不孕,蒴果,球形,熟時三瓣裂,室背開裂,種子六枚,黑色。

常見之蚌蘭(Tradescantia spathacea)園藝品種有:
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Tradescantia spathacea(蚌蘭、蚌花、紫萬年青、紫背萬年青、紫金蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Compacta'(小蚌蘭、小蚌花)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Dwarf'(彩葉蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Dwarf Tricolor'(彩葉蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Flame'
Tradescantia spathacea 'Hawaiian Dwarf'(彩葉蚌蘭、紫錦蘭、斑葉蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Oyster Plant'(彩葉蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Plain Green Lvs With Purple Undersides'(蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Silver'
Tradescantia Spathacea 'Silver Inch Plant'
Tradescantia spathacea 'Sitara'(彩葉蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Sitara Gold'(金線蚌蘭)
Tradescantia Spathacea 'Sitara's Gold'(金線蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Tricolor'(彩葉蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Tricolour'(彩葉蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Variegated Dwarf'(條紋小蚌花、黃白條斑小蚌花)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Versicolor'(彩葉蚌蘭)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Vittata'(金線蚌蘭、黃紋紫背萬年青)
Tradescantia spathacea 'Vittata Variegata'(金線蚌蘭)
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