黃椰子學名Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.、Chrysalidocarpus baronii var. littoralis Jum. & H.Perrier、Chrysalidocarpus lutescens (Bory.) H. A. Wendl.、Chrysalidocarpus glaucescens Waby、Areca lutescens Bory.、Areca flavescens Voss,英文名Yellow Areca Palm、Yellow Palm、Butterfly palm、Areca Palm、Yellow Butterfly Palm、Golden Cane Palm、Madagascar Palm,棕櫚(檳榔)科黃椰子(馬島棕、馬島椰、金果椰、三角椰、三角椰子)屬常綠灌木至小喬木植物,又稱散尾葵、紫葵、黃蝶椰子,原產於馬達加斯加島,植株高約三至十二公尺,徑四、五公分,莖基部略膨大,從基部開始分支,呈多支幹,呈叢生狀,直立,圓筒形,中上部無分枝,莖修長,細桿狀,表面平滑,略粗糙,有分節,有冠莖,葉痕環節顯著,環紋黃或黃綠色,被白粉樣,葉互生,聚生於枝幹頂端,葉輪廓長橢圓形,羽狀全裂,裂片(羽片、小葉)約四十至六十對,二列排列,略對生,裂片(羽片、小葉)帶狀線形、狹披針形,端部長尾狀漸尖,呈不等長短二裂,基部下延漸狹,延伸至柄,裂緣全緣,葉長約一百五十至三百公分,寬約六十至一百二十公分,擴展,稍彎曲,端部下垂,裂片(羽片、小葉)長約三十至六十公分,寬約一至三公分,頂端裂片(羽片、小葉)漸短,長約十公分,葉面黃綠色,平滑,表面有蠟質白粉,裂片(羽片、小葉)近平行脈,主脈三條,明顯,中肋表面突起,葉基有葉鞘,包莖狀,葉鞘長,略膨大,圓筒形,長二十五至三十公分,通常黃綠、黃色,初時上部被蠟質白粉,常散佈黑色斑點,有縱向溝紋,無托葉,葉柄(葉軸)黃綠、黃色,光滑,近基部有凹溝槽,背面凸圓,無裂片(羽片、小葉)柄,單性花,雌雄同株,肉穗花序,腋生,生於葉鞘束下,花螺旋狀著生於小穗軸上,分枝與小穗再排成圓錐花序狀,分枝約二、三次,花序全長約八十公分,分支花序長約二十至三十公分,其上有多枝小穗,雄花著生於花軸上部,雌花著生於花軸下部,雄花圓錐狀花序狀排列,一、二次分枝,雄花細小,多數,花被星狀筒形,花金黃、黃綠色,具條紋脈,被片六枚,二輪,外輪被片(花萼)三枚,覆瓦狀排列,離生,內輪被片(花瓣)三枚,橢圓形,長約三公釐,鑷合狀排列,雄蕊六枚,大小不一,花藥多少丁字狀著生,退化雌蕊先端呈三裂,雌花與雄花略同,雌花稍大,具六枚退化雄蕊,雌蕊心皮三枚,花柱短,柱頭闊,粗狀,三裂,子房通常無柄,子房上位,子房一至三室,通常一室,中軸胎座或邊緣胎座,核果,堅果,漿果狀,倒卵形、陀螺形、倒圓錐形,具香味,長約十五至十八公釐,徑約五至十三公釐,鮮時土黃、橙黃色,乾時紅至紫黑色,外表光滑,中果皮具網狀纖維,無內果皮,種子成串,倒卵形、倒圓錐形,彎腎形,長十五公釐,寬一公釐,包裹於果皮纖維之中,中央有狹長的空腔,胚乳均勻,胚側生。
有些資料認為「黃椰子」與「大黃椰子」不同,「大黃椰子」節間較長,此尚待釐清,兩者應是同種,生長環境不同而已。
黃椰子(Dypsis)屬常見之品種有:
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Dypsis acaulis
Dypsis acuminum
Dypsis albofarinosa
Dypsis ambanjae
Dypsis ambilaensis
Dypsis ambositrae
Dypsis ampasindavae
Dypsis andapae
Dypsis andilamenensis
Dypsis andrianatonga
Dypsis angusta
Dypsis angustifolia
Dypsis anjae
Dypsis ankaizinensis
Dypsis ankirindro
Dypsis antanambensis
Dypsis aquatilis
Dypsis arenarum
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Dypsis baronii(巴隆氏黃椰子、秀麗散尾葵)
Dypsis basilonga
Dypsis beentjei
Dypsis bejofo
Dypsis bernieriana
Dypsis betamponensis
Dypsis betsimisarakae
Dypsis boiviniana
Dypsis bonsai
Dypsis bosseri
Dypsis brevicaulis
Dypsis brittiana
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Dypsis cabadae(大黃椰、卡巴達棕、馬達加斯加葵)
Dypsis canaliculata
Dypsis canescens
Dypsis carlsmithii
Dypsis catatiana
Dypsis caudata
Dypsis ceracea
Dypsis commersoniana
Dypsis concinna
Dypsis confusa
Dypsis cookei
Dypsis coriacea
Dypsis corniculata
Dypsis coursii
Dypsis crinita
Dypsis culminis
Dypsis curtisii
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Dypsis decaryi(三角椰子)
Dypsis decipiens(鴛鴦椰子)
Dypsis delicatula
Dypsis digitata
Dypsis dracaenoides
Dypsis dransfieldii
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Dypsis elegans
Dypsis eriostachys
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Dypsis faneva
Dypsis fanjana
Dypsis fasciculata
Dypsis fibrosa
Dypsis forficifolia
Dypsis furcata
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Dypsis gautieri
Dypsis glabrescens
Dypsis gronophyllum
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Dypsis henrici
Dypsis heteromorpha
Dypsis heterophylla
Dypsis hiarakae
Dypsis hildebrandtii
Dypsis hovomantsina
Dypsis humbertii
Dypsis humblotiana
Dypsis humilis
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Dypsis ifanadianae
Dypsis integra
Dypsis intermedia
Dypsis interrupta
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Dypsis jeremiei
Dypsis jumelleana
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Dypsis laevis
Dypsis lanceolata
Dypsis lantzeana
Dypsis lanuginosa
Dypsis lastelliana(紅鞘椰子)
Dypsis leptocheilos
Dypsis leucomalla
Dypsis ligulata
Dypsis lilacina
Dypsis linearis
Dypsis lokohensis
Dypsis louvelii
Dypsis lucens
Dypsis lutea
Dypsis lutescens(黃椰子、散尾葵)
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Dypsis madagascariensis(馬島椰子)
Dypsis mahia
Dypsis makirae
Dypsis malcomberi
Dypsis mananjarensis
Dypsis mangorensis
Dypsis marojejyi
Dypsis mcdonaldiana
Dypsis metallica
Dypsis minuta
Dypsis mirabilis
Dypsis mocquerysiana
Dypsis monostachya
Dypsis montana
Dypsis moorei
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Dypsis nauseosa
Dypsis nodifera
Dypsis nossibensis
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Dypsis occidentalis
Dypsis onilahensis
Dypsis oreophila
Dypsis oropedionis
Dypsis ovobontsira
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Dypsis pachyramea
Dypsis paludosa
Dypsis pembana
Dypsis perrieri
Dypsis pervillei
Dypsis pilulifera
Dypsis pinnatifrons
Dypsis plumosa
Dypsis plurisecta
Dypsis poivreana
Dypsis prestoniana
Dypsis procera
Dypsis procumbens
Dypsis psammophila
Dypsis pulchella
Dypsis pumila
Dypsis pusilla
Dypsis pustulata
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Dypsis rakotonasoloi
Dypsis ramentacea
Dypsis reflexa
Dypsis remotiflora
Dypsis rivularis
Dypsis robusta
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Dypsis sahanofensis
Dypsis saintelucei
Dypsis sancta
Dypsis sanctaemariae
Dypsis scandens
Dypsis schatzii
Dypsis scottiana
Dypsis serpentina
Dypsis simianensis
Dypsis singularis
Dypsis soanieranae
Dypsis spicata
Dypsis subacaulis
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Dypsis tanalensis
Dypsis tenuissima
Dypsis thermarum
Dypsis thiryana
Dypsis tokoravina
Dypsis trapezoidea
Dypsis tsaratananensis
Dypsis tsaravoasira
Dypsis turkii
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Dypsis utilis(擬散尾葵)
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Dypsis viridis
Dypsis vonitrandambo
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Dypsis zahamenae
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棕櫚科三大類之分別方法:
1.椰子類:葉子像羽毛的羽狀複葉,葉基部的葉柄常延展而變成刀鞘的形狀(葉鞘),葉鞘層層包裹形成光滑的段落,長於枝幹的頂部,有些種類葉鞘的肉質部分退化,只剩下較硬的纖維就成了棕蓑。
2.海棗類:葉子基部不形成鞘狀,羽狀複葉直接插在莖的頂端,複葉基部的小葉常變成針刺,葉脫落後在幹上留下一塊塊殘餘的葉柄,這一類稱為海棗類。
3.棕櫚類:葉子長的像手掌(掌狀葉)。
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