華南狗娃花

華南狗娃花學名Aster asa-grayi Makino、Aster ciliosus (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz.、Calimeris ciliosa Turcz.、Heteropappus ciliosus (Turcz.) Ling、Kalimeris ciliata A. Gray，菊科紫菀(雞兒腸、紫苑、馬蘭、狗娃花)屬多年生草本植物，又稱華南鐵桿蒿、磯野菊，原產於中國廣東與福建、日本、馬祖，株高十五至三十五公分，有直根，莖斜昇或近平臥，被上曲疏短毛或漸變無毛，上部有少數分枝，不發育之莖縮短，不育莖之葉叢狀，呈蓮座狀排列，葉匙形，發育莖單葉互生，葉匙形、矩圓形，端部圓鈍、圓形，基部漸狹，全緣葉，常有緣毛，不育莖之葉長十至十五公釐，寬三、四公釐，發育莖下部之葉於花期凋落，中部葉長十五至二十五公釐，寬一至四公釐，上部葉漸小，葉面綠色，兩面無毛或葉背脈上與近葉緣處有疏短毛，羽狀脈，中脈於葉背稍凸起，不具托葉，葉無柄，單性花、兩性花，上位花，頭狀花序，輻射狀排列，頭花直徑二十至二十五公釐，頂生，頭花單生於枝端或數枚排成繖房、圓錐花序狀，總苞半球形，徑八至十公釐，具花托，無托片，無托毛，總苞鐘狀，二層，外層漸短，覆瓦狀排列，苞片披針形，長四、五公釐，寬一公釐以下，頂端漸尖，綠色，草質，背面被短柔毛，通常無膜質邊緣或內層下部邊緣狹膜質，外圍舌狀花是雌花，一層，約十五至二十枚，花萼退化或鱗片狀，花冠舌形，管部條狀矩圓形，長約一、二公釐，有微毛，花粉紅至白色，，長約十至十二公釐，寬約一、二公釐，檐部二、三細齒裂，裂片(花瓣)合生，中央管狀花是兩性花，花萼冠毛狀，花冠管形，長約四公釐，檐部五齒裂，裂片(花瓣)合生，裂片不等長，長一公釐以下，有微毛，雄蕊五枚，著生於花冠筒，花絲離生，花藥合生筒狀，包圍花柱，雌蕊心皮二枚，合生，花柱細長，突出於花冠，二叉，分枝扁平或一面凸形，柱頭二枚，花柱先端具附屬物，附屬物披針形，外被突狀微毛，頂端尖狀，子房下位，子房一室，基生胎座，瘦果，倒卵形，扁狀，長二、三公釐，寬約一公釐，淺褐色，上部有腺體，頂端具冠毛，冠毛鱗片狀，一、二層，長二、三公釐，不等長，紅褐色。

紫菀(Aster)屬常見之品種有：
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster ageratoides(山白蘭、三脈紫菀)
Aster ageratoides var. adustus(野粉團兒)
Aster ageratoides var. angustifolius(小紫菀)
Aster ageratoides var. ovatus(野紺菊、紺菊)
Aster aitchisonii
Aster alatipes(翼柄紫菀)
Aster albanicus
Aster albescens(小舌紫菀)
Aster alpinus(高山紫菀)
Aster altaicus(台東鐵桿蒿)
Aster amellus(雅美紫菀)
Aster ananthocladus
Aster andicola
Aster andohahelensis
Aster aragonensis
Aster arenosus
Aster argyropholis(銀鱗紫菀)
Aster asa-grayi(華南狗娃花、磯野菊)
Aster asteroides(星舌紫菀)
Aster auriculatus(耳葉紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster baccharoides(白舌紫菀)
Aster bakerianus
Aster barbatus
Aster barbellatus(髯毛紫菀)
Aster baronii
Aster batangensis(巴塘紫菀)
Aster bietii Franch. 線舌紫菀
Aster bipinnatisectus(重羽紫菀)
Aster blepharophyllus
Aster brachytrichu(短毛紫菀)
Aster brevis(短莖紫菀)
Aster bulleyanus(扁毛紫菀)
Aster blepharophyllus
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster carolinianus
Aster chimanimaniensis(清水馬蘭)
Aster colchicus
Aster comptonii
Aster confertifolius
Aster creticus
Aster curtus
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster diplostephioides(重冠紫菀)
Aster dolichophyllus(長葉紫菀)
Aster dolichopodus(長梗紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster erucifolius
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster falcifolius(鐮葉紫菀)
Aster falconeri
Aster fanjingshanicus
Aster farreri(狹苞紫菀)
Aster fastigiatus(女菀)
Aster filipes
Aster flaccidus(萎軟紫菀)
Aster formosanus(台灣山白蘭、台岩紫菀)
Aster frutescens
Aster fulgidulus(輝葉紫菀)
Aster fuscescens(褐毛紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster giraldii(秦中紫菀)
Aster glehnii(胡麻菜)
Aster gracilicaulis(細莖紫菀)
Aster grisebachii
Aster gymnocephalus
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster handelii(紅冠紫菀)
Aster harveyanus
Aster hayatae
Aster heliopsis
Aster hersileoides(橫斜紫菀)
Aster heterolepis(異苞紫菀)
Aster himalaicus(須彌紫菀)
Aster hispidus(狗娃花)
Aster hololachnus(全茸紫菀)
Aster homochlamydeus(等苞紫菀)
Aster hunanensis(湖南紫菀)
Aster hypoleucus(白背紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster iinumae(柚香菊)
Aster incisa(馬蘭、雞兒腸)
Aster incisa 'Blue Star'
Aster indamellus(葉苞紫菀)
Aster indicus(馬蘭、雞兒腸)
Aster indicus 'Blue Star'(藍星馬蘭)
Aster intricatus
Aster ionoglossus(堇舌紫菀)
Aster itsunboshi(大武山紫菀、大埔紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster jeffreyanus(滇西北紫菀)
Aster juchaihu
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster kantoensis
Aster koraiensis
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster laevigatus
Aster laka
Aster langaoensis
Aster lanuginosus(棉毛紫菀)
Aster lasiocladus(絨山白蘭)
Aster latibracteatus(寬苞紫菀)
Aster lavanduliifolius(線葉紫菀)
Aster leiophyllus(白花馬蘭)
Aster likiangensis(麗江紫菀)
Aster limosus(濕生紫菀)
Aster lingulatus(舌葉紫菀)
Aster linosyris(麻菀)
Aster lipskyi(青海紫菀)
Aster luzonensis
Aster lydenburgensis
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster maackii(圓苞紫菀)
Aster madagascariensis
Aster magnus
Aster mandrarensis
Aster mangshanensis(莽山紫菀)
Aster megalanthus(大花紫菀)
Aster menelii(黔中紫菀)
Aster microcephalus
Aster milanjiensis
Aster miyagii
Aster molliusculus(軟毛紫菀)
Aster morrisonensis(玉山紫菀、玉山鐵桿蒿)
Aster motuoensis
Aster moupinsensis(鄂紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster neo-elegans(新雅紫菀)
Aster nigromontanus(黑山紫菀)
Aster nitidus
Aster novae-angliae
Aster novae-angliae 'Purple Dome'
Aster novi-belgii(友禪菊)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster oblongifolius
Aster oldhamii(台灣狗娃花)
Aster oleifolius
Aster oreophilus(石生紫菀)
Aster ovalifolius(台灣紺菊、卵葉紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster panduratus(琴葉紫菀)
Aster patulus
Aster peduncularis
Aster peglerae
Aster perfoliatus
Aster philippinensis
Aster platylepis
Aster pleiocephalus
Aster poliothamnus(灰枝紫菀)
Aster polius(灰毛紫菀)
Aster prainii(厚棉紫菀)
Aster prorerus(高莖紫菀)
Aster pseudobakerianus
Aster pseudo-Asa-Grayi Mak(磯寒菊)
Aster pubentior
Aster punctatus
Aster pycnophyllus(密葉紫菀)
Aster pyrenaeus
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster quitensis
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster retusus(凹葉紫菀)
Aster riparius
Aster rockianus(騰越紫菀)
Aster rugulosus(澤白菊)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster saboureaui
Aster salwinensis(怒江紫菀)
Aster sampsonii(短舌紫菀)
Aster satsumensis
Aster savatieri
Aster savatieri var. pygmaeus(春壽菊)
Aster scaber(東風菜)
Aster sedifolius
Aster semiamplexicaulis
Aster senecioides(狗舌紫菀)
Aster shastensis
Aster shimadae(島田氏雞兒腸)
Aster sikkimensis(錫金紫菀)
Aster sikuensis(西固紫菀)
Aster sinianus(嶽麓紫菀)
Aster smithianus(甘川紫菀)
Aster sodiroi
Aster souliei(緣毛紫菀)
Aster spathuli-folius(彿頭菊)
Aster sphaerotus(圓耳紫菀)
Aster steeleorum
Aster stracheyi(匍生紫菀)
Aster subulatus(掃帚菊)
Aster subulatus var. sandwicensis(澤掃帚菊)
Aster subulatus var. subulatus(掃帚菊)
Aster sugimotoi
Aster sutchuenensis(四川紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster tagasagomontanus(山紫菀)
Aster taiwanensis(台灣馬蘭、台灣紫菀)
Aster takasagomontanus(雪山馬蘭)
Aster taliangshanensis(涼山紫菀)
Aster tansaniensis
Aster taoyuenensis(桃園馬蘭)
Aster tarbagatensis
Aster tataricus(紫菀、青菀、紫蒨、返魂草、夜牽牛)
Aster tataricus var. petersianus
Aster tataricus 'Jin-dai'
Aster tataricus '?'(孔雀紫苑)
Aster techinensis(德欽紫菀)
Aster tenuipes
Aster thomsonii
Aster tientschuanensis(天全紫菀)
Aster tolmatschevii
Aster tongolensis(東俄洛紫菀)
Aster tricephalus(三頭紫菀)
Aster trichoneurus(毛脈紫菀)
Aster trinervius(三基脈紫菀、紺菊)
Aster tripolium(海紫菀、金盞菜)
Aster tsarungensis(察瓦龍紫菀)
Aster turbinatus( 陀螺紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster veitchianus(峨眉紫菀)
Aster velutinosus(氈毛紫菀)
Aster vestitus(密毛紫菀)
Aster viscidulus(山紺菊)
Aster vvedenskyi
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster willkommii
Aster woroschilowii
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster yakushimensis
Aster yomena(馬蘭、雞兒腸)
Aster yoshinaganus
Aster yunnanensis(雲南紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster zayuensis
Aster zuluensis
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster × dumosus
Aster × frikartii 'Monch'(僧侶疏花紫菀)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Aster 'Alert'
Aster 'Alma Potschke'
Aster 'Blue Autumn'
Aster 'Kickin' Carmine Red'
Aster 'Kickin' Lilac Blue'
Aster 'Kickin' Pink Chiffon'
Aster 'Professor Kippenburg'
Aster 'Sungal'
----------------------------------------------------------------