藍蝶猿尾木

藍蝶猿尾木學名Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl.，英文名Stachytarpheta Species、Blue Porterweed、Blue Rat's Tail、Cayenne Snakeweed，馬鞭草科長穗木(假馬鞭、木馬鞭、馬鞭)屬多年生常綠亞灌木或草本植物，又稱藍蝶木、藍蝶長穗木、卡宴馬鞭草，原產於古巴、墨西哥南部、秘魯、阿根廷，株高約一百至二百五十公分，枝條光滑無毛，近圓柱狀，幼枝近四方形，莖基部略木質化，單葉對生，十字對生狀，葉卵形、卵狀橢圓形、長橢圓形、橢圓形，端部短銳尖，基部楔狀，葉緣鋸齒或鈍鋸齒，葉長約三至至六公分，寬約十五至二十五公釐，葉面綠、暗綠色，有光澤，葉面光滑，皺狀，羽狀脈，葉脈明顯，於表面凹入而於背面隆起，側脈約三至五對，紙質、厚紙質，無托葉，葉柄長約十至十五公釐，兩性花，穗狀花序，頂生，花序細長，長可達二十五公分，纖細，花單生於花序軸凹穴(苞腋)內，螺旋狀著生，苞片線披針形，邊緣膜質，有纖毛，頂端有芒尖，花萼管狀，萼筒長四至六公釐，膜質，透明，無毛，先端四齒裂，宿存，花冠高腳碟狀、闊漏斗形、管形鐘狀，兩側對稱，開展，徑約長五至十二公釐，長約八至十一公釐，花藍、深藍紫、淡藍、淡藍紫色，中心常帶白色，花冠管纖細，冠管與花萼等長或超出一些，常彎曲，喉部被毛，先端四、五裂，裂片長約一、二公釐，裂片平展，不齊，上裂片二枚較大，圓形，下裂片三枚略小，先端鈍，發育雄蕊二枚，與花冠裂片互生，著生於花冠管中部(花喉處)，內藏，不伸出於外，花絲短長約一公釐，寬不足半公釐，離生，花藥闊卵形，二室，縱裂，退化雄蕊二枚，雌蕊短於雄蕊，雌蕊心皮二枚，合生，花柱內藏，伸出狀，花柱頂生，花柱宿存，柱頭闊，柱頭頭狀，子房平滑無毛，子房上位，子房二室，中軸胎座，每室各具胚珠一枚，蒴果，長橢圓形，長約四公釐，寬約半公釐，膜質宿存花萼包被，埋於花軸，熟後二瓣裂，分裂為二枚分果，種子二枚，每裂瓣一枚，種子為核果狀，種子緊貼果皮。

「長穗木」與「藍蝶猿尾木」花相似，判別方法：「藍蝶猿尾木」的葉片較大，葉脈較淺(比較不明顯)，雌蕊短於雄蕊，「長穗木」的雌蕊長於雄蕊。

藍蝶猿尾木(Stachytarpheta cayennensis)與牙買加長穗木(Stachytarpheta jamaicensis)是否同種異名，尚待釐清。

長穗木(Stachytarpheta)屬常見之品種有：
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Stachytarpheta acuminata
Stachytarpheta ajugifolia
Stachytarpheta alata
Stachytarpheta albiflora
Stachytarpheta almasensis
Stachytarpheta amplexicaulis
Stachytarpheta andersonii
Stachytarpheta angolensis
Stachytarpheta arenaria
Stachytarpheta atriflora
Stachytarpheta australi(南假馬鞭)
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Stachytarpheta bicolor
Stachytarpheta boldinghii
Stachytarpheta brasiliensis
Stachytarpheta bromleyana
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Stachytarpheta caatingensis
Stachytarpheta cajamarcensis
Stachytarpheta calderonii
Stachytarpheta candida
Stachytarpheta canescens
Stachytarpheta cassiae
Stachytarpheta cayennensis(藍蝶猿尾木)
Stachytarpheta cearensis
Stachytarpheta coccinea
Stachytarpheta commutata
Stachytarpheta confertifolia
Stachytarpheta crassifolia
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Stachytarpheta dawsonii
Stachytarpheta diamantinensis
Stachytarpheta discolor
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Stachytarpheta elegans
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Stachytarpheta fallax
Stachytarpheta frantzii
Stachytarpheta friedrichsthalii
Stachytarpheta froesii
Stachytarpheta fruticosa
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Stachytarpheta galactea
Stachytarpheta ganevii
Stachytarpheta gesnerioides
Stachytarpheta glabra
Stachytarpheta glandulosa
Stachytarpheta glauca
Stachytarpheta glazioviana
Stachytarpheta grisea
Stachytarpheta guedesii
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Stachytarpheta harleyi
Stachytarpheta hassleri
Stachytarpheta hatschbachii
Stachytarpheta hintonii
Stachytarpheta hirsutissima
Stachytarpheta hispida
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Stachytarpheta indica(印度蛇草、印度假馬鞭)
Stachytarpheta indica 'Blue Porter Weed'
Stachytarpheta integrifolia
Stachytarpheta itambensis
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Stachytarpheta jamaicensis(牙買加長穗木)
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis 'Indica'(印度蛇草、印度假馬鞭)
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis 'Variegata'(灑金長穗木)
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Stachytarpheta kingii
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Stachytarpheta lactea
Stachytarpheta lacunosa
Stachytarpheta laevis
Stachytarpheta lanata
Stachytarpheta linearis
Stachytarpheta longiflora
Stachytarpheta longispicata
Stachytarpheta lopez-palacii
Stachytarpheta luisana
Stachytarpheta lundellae
Stachytarpheta lychnitis
Stachytarpheta lythrophylla
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Stachytarpheta macedoi
Stachytarpheta marginata
Stachytarpheta martiana
Stachytarpheta matogrossensis
Stachytarpheta maximiliani
Stachytarpheta mexiae
Stachytarpheta microphylla
Stachytarpheta miniacea
Stachytarpheta monachinoi
Stachytarpheta mutabilis(紅花長穗木)
Stachytarpheta mutabilis var. mutabilis(原變種 粉花長穗木)
Stachytarpheta mutabilis var. violacea
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Stachytarpheta orubica
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Stachytarpheta pachystachya
Stachytarpheta paraguariensis
Stachytarpheta peruviana
Stachytarpheta petenensis
Stachytarpheta piranii
Stachytarpheta pohliana
Stachytarpheta polyura
Stachytarpheta procumbens
Stachytarpheta puberula
Stachytarpheta pycnodonta
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Stachytarpheta quadrangula
Stachytarpheta quirosana
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Stachytarpheta radlkoferiana
Stachytarpheta restingensis
Stachytarpheta reticulata
Stachytarpheta rhomboidalis
Stachytarpheta rivularis
Stachytarpheta robinsoniana
Stachytarpheta rupestris
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Stachytarpheta sanguinea
Stachytarpheta scaberrima
Stachytarpheta schottiana
Stachytarpheta sellowiana
Stachytarpheta sericea
Stachytarpheta sessilis
Stachytarpheta simplex
Stachytarpheta spathulata
Stachytarpheta speciosa
Stachytarpheta sprucei
Stachytarpheta stannardii
Stachytarpheta steyermarkii
Stachytarpheta straminea
Stachytarpheta strigosa
Stachytarpheta subincisa
Stachytarpheta svensonii
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Stachytarpheta tabascana
Stachytarpheta trimeni
Stachytarpheta trinitensis
Stachytarpheta trispicata
Stachytarpheta tuberculata
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Stachytarpheta urticifolia(長穗木、紫花長穗木)
Stachytarpheta urticifolia 'Variegata'(灑金長穗木)
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Stachytarpheta velutina
Stachytarpheta villosa
Stachytarpheta violacea
Stachytarpheta viscidula
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Stachytarpheta weberbaueri
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Stachytarpheta × abortiva
Stachytarpheta × adulterina
Stachytarpheta × debilis
Stachytarpheta × gracilis
Stachytarpheta × hybrida
Stachytarpheta × intercedens
Stachytarpheta × trimenii
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Stachytarpheta 'Red Compacta'
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