鐵刀木

鐵刀木學名Senna siamea (Lamarck) Irwin & Barneby、Senna sumatrana、Senna siamea Lam.、Senna arayatensis、Senna arborea Macfad.、Senna florida Vahl、Senna gigantea DC.、Senna sumatrana Roxb.、Chamaefistula gigantea G. Don、SciaSenna siamea (Lam.) Britton & Rose，英文名Siamese Senna、Kassod Tree、Bomboy Blackwood，豆科蘇木(雲實)亞科決明(番瀉決明、黃槐、鐵刀木)屬落葉或常綠喬木植物，又稱暹羅槐、暹羅決明、鐵道木、鐵路木、鐵樹、黑心樹、挨刀樹、孟買黑檀、孟買薔薇木、泰國山扁豆，原產於南亞、馬來西亞、泰國、緬甸，樹高十至二十公尺，主幹直立，樹皮深灰色，稍縱裂，近平滑，嫩枝被短柔毛，小枝粗壯，疏披短柔毛，具稜條，心材暗褐、紫黑色，具黃褐色之條紋，木質堅硬，葉互生，一回偶數羽狀複葉，小葉對生，約五至十四對，小葉卵狀長橢圓形、長橢圓形、長圓形，端部圓鈍至微凹，有短尖頭，基部圓形，全緣葉，葉長約二十至三十公分，小葉長約三至七公分，寬約十至二十五公釐，紙質至近革質，葉表面濃綠色，無毛，葉背面綠色，披脫落性短柔毛，羽狀脈，葉脈凸起，頂端突出成芒狀，側脈八至十對，葉正面濃綠色，背面綠色，托葉針形，微細，早脫落，葉軸披微柔毛，先端常有針狀長尖頭，無腺體，葉柄披微柔毛，小葉柄長約二、三公釐，兩性花，總狀花序，常呈圓錐花序、繖房花序狀排列，寬約三至五公分，頂生，苞片線形，長約五、六公釐，花萼筒狀，合生，先端五裂，近圓形，革質，覆瓦狀排列，表面披細毛，不等長，內生較外生為大，萼筒甚短，花冠蝶形，徑約二十五公釐，花黃、金黃色，色彩明亮，具芬芳，花瓣五枚，闊倒卵形，長約十二至十四公釐，離生，約等長，覆瓦狀排列，具短柄，雄蕊十枚，不等長，離生，發育雄蕊六、七枚，較大，花藥縫線無毛，頂孔開裂，退化雄蕊二、三枚，雌蕊心皮一枚，柱頭頭狀，子房帶形，無柄，披白色短柔毛[，子房上位，子房一室，邊緣胎座，莢果，線形，細長，長約十五至三十公分，寬約十至十五公釐，向基部漸狹，扁平，邊緣加厚，木質，先端無芒尖，表面光滑，綠色，成熟時帶紫褐色，密披短絨毛，不開裂或二瓣裂，於種子處明顯浮凸，側看成波浪狀，種子約十至二十枚。

山扁豆(Chamaecrista)屬、阿勃勒(Cassia)屬原歸類於決明(Senna)屬之下，中文通稱「決明屬」，目前三屬已拆分，三者是蘇木亞科決明族。

「盾柱木」與「鐵刀木」的樹形、花色、葉形十分相像，「盾柱木」的花柱長，柱頭盾狀，莢果翅狀扁平如豌豆，果實比「鐵刀木」短多了。

「決明屬」種檢索表：
A.葉柄及小葉軸皆不具腺體。-----★鐵刀木
A.葉柄及小葉軸其一具腺體。
▁B.葉柄具腺體。
▁▁C.植株密被粗毛。-----★毛決明
▁▁C.植株近無毛。
▁▁▁D.莢果圓柱形。-----★大花黃槐
▁▁▁D.莢果扁平。-----★望江南
▁B.小葉軸具腺體。
▁▁C.小葉4-6對。-----★黃槐
▁▁C.小葉3對。-----★決明

常見決明(Senna)屬的品種有：
------------------------------------------------
Senna acanthoclada
Senna acclinis
Senna aciphylla
Senna acillaris
Senna aculeata
Senna acunae
Senna acuparata
Senna acutifolia(亞歷山大決明)
Senna acuruensis
Senna acutisepala
Senna affinis
Senna agnes(神黃豆)
Senna alata(翅果鐵刀木、翅莢決明、翼柄決明)
Senna alexandrina(旃那、番瀉草)
Senna andrieuxii
Senna angulata
Senna angustisiliqua
Senna ankaranensis
Senna anthoxantha
Senna aphylla
Senna apiculata
Senna appendiculata
Senna apsidoneura
Senna araucarietorum
Senna argentea
Senna arida
Senna aristeguietae
Senna armata
Senna arnottiana
Senna artemisioides
Senna atomaria
Senna aurantia
Senna auriculata(耳葉決明、麻榻勒茶)
Senna aversiflora
Senna aymara
------------------------------------------------
Senna baccarinii
Senna bacillaris
Senna bakeriana(花旗木、桃紅陣雨樹、粉紅陣雨樹、泰國櫻花、金杯黃槐)
Senna barclayana
Senna barnebyana
Senna barronfieldii
Senna bauhinioides
Senna benitoensis
Senna bicapsularis(雙莢決明)
Senna bicapsularis 'California Gold'
Senna bicapsularis 'Worley's Butter Cream'
Senna biglandularis
Senna birostris
Senna bosseri
Senna bracteosa
Senna brongniartii
Senna burkartiana
------------------------------------------------
Senna cajamarcae
Senna calycioides
Senna cana
Senna candolleana
Senna cardiosperma
Senna catingae
Senna caudata
Senna cearensis
Senna centranthera
Senna cernua
Senna chapmanii
Senna charlesiana
Senna chloroclada
Senna chrysocarpa
Senna cladophylla
Senna clavigera
Senna cobanensis
Senna coimbrae
Senna collicola
Senna confinis
Senna corifolia
Senna cornigera
Senna coronilloides
Senna corymbosa(繖房決明)
Senna costata
Senna covesii
Senna crassiramea
Senna crotalarioides
Senna cruckshanksii
Senna cuatrecasasii
Senna cumingii
Senna curvistyla
Senna cushina
Senna cuthbertsonii
------------------------------------------------
Senna dardanoi
Senna dariensis
Senna davidsonii
Senna demissa
Senna didymobotrya(長穗決明、複總望江南)
Senna didymobotrya 'Popcorn Senna'
Senna divaricata
Senna domingensis
Senna durangensis
------------------------------------------------
Senna ellisiae
------------------------------------------------
Senna ferraria
Senna flexuosa
Senna foetidissima
Senna formosa
Senna fruticosa(大葉決明、四葉黃槐)
------------------------------------------------
Senna galeottiana
Senna gardneri
Senna garrettiana
Senna gaudichaudii
Senna glauca(粉葉決明)
Senna georgica
Senna glanduligera
Senna glaucifolia
Senna glutinosa
Senna goniodes
Senna gossweileri
Senna guatemalensis
Senna gundlachii
------------------------------------------------
Senna hamersleyensis
Senna harleyi
Senna haughtii
Senna hayesiana
Senna hebecarpa
Senna heptanthera
Senna herzogii
Senna hilariana
Senna hirsuta(毛決明、毛莢決明)
Senna holosericea
Senna holwayana
Senna hookeriana
Senna huancabambae
Senna huidobriana
Senna huilana
Senna humifusa
------------------------------------------------
Senna incarnata
Senna insularis
Senna intermedia
Senna italica
Senna itatiaiae
------------------------------------------------
Senna koelziana
Senna kurtzii
------------------------------------------------
Senna lactea
Senna lasseigniana
Senna latifolia
Senna leandrii
Senna leiophylla
Senna leptoclada
Senna leschenaultiana(大葉山扁豆、短葉決明)
Senna ligustrina
Senna lindheimeriana
Senna longiglandulosa
Senna longiracemosa
Senna loretensis
Senna lourteigiana
------------------------------------------------
Senna macranthera
Senna macrophylla
Senna magnifolia
Senna malaspinae
Senna mandonii
Senna manicula
Senna marilandica
Senna martiana
Senna mensicola
Senna meridionalis
Senna mexicana
Senna mimosoides(山扁豆、含羞草決明)
Senna mollissima
Senna monilifera
Senna monozyx
Senna montana
Senna morongii
Senna mucronifera
Senna multiglandulosa
Senna multijuga(密葉決明、小葉黃槐)
Senna mutisiana
------------------------------------------------
Senna nana
Senna neglecta
Senna nicaraguensis
Senna nitida
Senna nodosa(節果決明)
Senna nomame(豆茶決明)
Senna notabilis
Senna nudicaulis
------------------------------------------------
Senna obliqua
Senna oblongifolia
Senna obtusifolia(草決明、決明)
Senna occidentalis(望江南)
Senna odorata
Senna oligoclada
Senna orcuttii
Senna organensis
Senna oxyphylla
------------------------------------------------
Senna pachyrrhiza
Senna pallida
Senna papillosa
Senna paposana
Senna paradictyon
Senna paraensis
Senna pendula
Senna pentagonia
Senna peralteana
Senna perrieri
Senna petersiana
Senna phlebadenia
Senna phyllodinea
Senna pilifera
Senna pilocarina
Senna pilosio
Senna pinheiroi
Senna pistaciifolia
Senna planitiicola
Senna pleurocarpa
Senna pneumatica
Senna podocarpa(羅漢決明)
Senna polyantha
Senna polyphylla(沙漠黃槐)
Senna praeterita
Senna procumbens
Senna pumilio
Senna punoensis
Senna pumila(柄腺山扁豆)
Senna purpurea
Senna purpusii
------------------------------------------------
Senna quinquangulata
------------------------------------------------
Senna racemosa
Senna reniformis
Senna reticulata
Senna rigidicaulis
Senna ripleyana
Senna rizzinii
Senna robiniifolia
Senna roemeriana
Senna rostrata
Senna rugosa
Senna ruiziana
Senna rupununiensis
Senna ruspolii
------------------------------------------------
Senna saeri
Senna sandwithiana
Senna santanderensis
Senna scabriuscula
Senna scandens
Senna septemtrionalis
Senna sericea
Senna siamea(鐵刀木)
Senna silvestris
Senna singueana
Senna skinneri
Senna smithiana
Senna sophera(槐葉決明)
Senna sophora
Senna sousana
Senna spectabilis(美麗決明)
Senna spinescens
Senna spiniflora
Senna spinigera
Senna splendida
Senna stenophylla
Senna stipulacea
Senna stowardii
Senna stricta
Senna suarezensis
Senna subtrijuga
Senna subulata
Senna sulfurea(黃槐、黃槐決明)
Senna surattensis(黃槐決明)
Senna symonii
------------------------------------------------
Senna talpana
Senna tapajozensis
Senna tapajozensis
Senna tenuifolia
Senna timoriensis(帝汶明)
Senna tocotana
Senna tonduzii
Senna tora(決明、小決明)
Senna trachypus
Senna trianae
Senna trolliiflora
Senna tropica
Senna truncata
Senna tuhovalyana
------------------------------------------------
Senna uncata
Senna undulata
Senna uniflora
Senna unijuga
Senna urmenetae
------------------------------------------------
Senna vargasii
Senna velutina
Senna venusta
Senna versicolor
Senna viarum
Senna viciifolia
Senna viguierella
Senna villosa
Senna viminea
Senna viminea
------------------------------------------------
Senna weddelliana
Senna williamsii
Senna wislizeni
Senna wurdackii
------------------------------------------------
Senna × floribunda(大花黃槐、光葉決明)
Senna × nealiae(彩虹阿勃勒)
------------------------------------------------
Senna 'Species'
------------------------------------------------