臭茉莉

臭茉莉學名Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabberley、Clerodendrum chinense var. simplex (Moldenke) S. L. Chen、Clerodendrum fragrans Ventcnat、Clerodendrum philloppinum Schauer、Clerodendrum philippinum var. simplex Moldenke、Volkmannia fragrans Ventcnat、Clerodendron fragrans Hort. ex Vent.，英文名Chinese Glory Bower、Philippine Glorybower、Fragrant Glorybower，唇形(唇形花、脣形)科牡荊亞科海州常山(大青、赬桐、苦郎)屬灌木植物，又稱臭牡丹、白花臭牡丹、子母丹、臭矢茉莉、臭屎茉莉、山茉莉、白茉莉、重瓣臭茉莉、臭苜莉、山芙蓉、臭梧桐、大髻婆、兵蒿、哈米爬吹、菲律賓常山，原產於中國華南與西南、琉球、東南亞、印度，株高可達二公尺以上，莖直立或斜上昇，具多數分枝，小枝條四方形，幼枝密被氈毛，單葉對生，稀輪生，葉卵圓形、寬卵形，端部銳尖，基部心形，葉全緣或不整齊波狀齒牙緣，葉長十四至二十一公分，寬十二至二十公分，紙質，葉表面綠色，有光澤，背面淡綠色，兩面幼時被白色綿毛，背面遂漸光滑無毛或散生綿毛茸，掌狀基出三脈，主脈於表面凹下而於背面隆起，次脈羽狀，側脈每邊四至六條，細脈明顯而細緻，葉片揉之有臭味，無托葉，葉柄長約四、五公分，圓柱形，略具毛茸，兩性花，聚繖花序，花多數，緊密排列，排列成圓錐花序狀，著生於小枝先端，花序長約三至六公分，密生毛茸，花梗長三至五公釐，有毛茸，苞片披針形，較花萼長，花萼杯狀、鐘狀、倒圓錐形，長約十至十四公釐，先端深四、五裂，裂片鑿狀線形，散生腺狀大斑點，宿存，花冠高腳碟形、漏斗形，開放時徑十至十五公釐，花白色或先端略帶淡紫色，冠筒長十二至十四公釐，重瓣狀，花冠裂片(花瓣)倒卵狀圓形，長六至十三公釐，先端近截形，雄蕊四枚，與花冠裂片互生，花絲離生，著生於花冠筒，雌蕊心皮四枚，合生，花柱通常頂生，柱頭二淺裂，子房上位，子房四室，中軸胎座，核果，球形，不易結果，藏於殘存花萼內，熟時黑色，種子四枚，黑色。

海州常山(大青)屬原屬於馬鞭草科，依分類法劃入唇形科。

「海州常山屬」種檢索表：
A.葉柄短於1cm，花序多具3朵花。...■苦林盤
A.葉柄長於1cm，花序具多朵花。
＿B.葉背密佈盾狀腺體，花序軸紅色。...■龍船花
＿B.葉背具少數盾狀腺體或無。
＿＿C.葉身長度為寬的2-4倍。...■大青
＿＿C.葉身長度小於葉寬的2倍。
＿＿＿D.花序為疏鬆的聚繖花序。
＿＿＿＿E.葉倒披針形或橢圓形至長橢圓形。...■花蓮海州常山
＿＿＿＿E.葉卵形或三角狀卵形。...■海州常山
＿＿＿D.花序密集成球狀。
＿＿＿＿E.萼片卵形或闊卵形且長於果實，無盾狀腺體。...■白毛臭牡丹
＿＿＿＿E.萼片線狀披針形或披針形且短於果實，具盾狀腺體。...■臭茉莉

常見海州常山(Clerodendrum)屬之品種有：
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Clerodendrum aculeatum
Clerodendrum aculeatum var. gracile
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Clerodendrum brachystemon(短蕊大青)
Clerodendrum bracteatum(苞花大青)
Clerodendrum buchananii
Clerodendrum buchananii 'Java Glorybower'
Clerodendrum bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. megacalyx(大萼臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei 'Pink Diamond'(粉鑽海州常山)
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Clerodendrum calamitosum(爪哇大青、化石樹、大號化石樹、結石樹)
Clerodendrum canescens(白毛臭牡丹、白毛臭茉莉、灰毛大青)
Clerodendrum capitatum
Clerodendrum chinense(重瓣臭茉莉、臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. chinense(重瓣臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. simplex(臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense 'Philippinum'
Clerodendrum colebrookianum(腺茉莉)
Clerodendrum confine(川黔大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. kwangsiense(廣西大青)
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Clerodendrum ervatamioides(狗牙大青)
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Clerodendrum floribundum
Clerodendrum fortunatum(白花燈籠)
Clerodendrum fragrans
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Clerodendrum garrettianum(泰國垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum glabrum
Clerodendrum griffithianum(西垂茉莉)
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Clerodendrum hainanense(海南赬桐)
Clerodendrum henryi(海南垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum heterophyllum
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Clerodendrum incisum(音符花)
Clerodendrum indicum：白花(長管大青)
Clerodendrum inerme(苦林盤、苦藍盤、苦郎樹、苦楮、假茉莉、許樹)
Clerodendrum infortunatum：白花紅心
Clerodendrum intermedium(墾丁苦林盤)
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Clerodendrum japonicum(赬桐、龍船花、荷苞花、狀元紅、百日紅、貞桐花、紅花倒血蓮)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. album(白花赬桐、白龍船花)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. japonicum(龍船花原變種)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. pleniflorum
Clerodendrum japonicum var. ?(粉花赬桐、粉赬桐)
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Clerodendrum kaempferi(=Clerodendrum japonicum)(龍船花、癲婆花、紅龍船花、龍爪花、發瘋花)
Clerodendrum kaempferi album
Clerodendrum kaichianum(浙江大青)
Clerodendrum kiangsiense(江西大青)
Clerodendrum kwangtungense(廣東大青)
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Clerodendrum laciniatum
Clerodendrum laevifolium
Clerodendrum lindleyi(尖齒臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum longilimbum(長葉大青)
Clerodendrum luteopunctatum(黃腺大青)
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Clerodendrum madagascariense
Clerodendrum magnoliaefolium
Clerodendrum mandarinorum(海通)
Clerodendrum mastacanthum
Clerodendrum minahassae
Clerodendrum molle
Clerodendrum myricoides
Clerodendrum myricoides 'Ugandense'
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Clerodendrum nutans(=Clerodendrum wallichii)(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum ohwi(花蓮海州常山)
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Clerodendrum paniculatum(寶塔龍船花、圓錐大青、塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum var. albiflorum(白花龍船花、白龍船花、白圓錐大青、白花錐常山)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Alba'(白色佛塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Borneo Sunset'：紫葉紅花
Clerodendrum peii(長梗大青)
Clerodendrum philippinum(臭茉莉)
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Clerodendrum quadriloculare(煙火樹、煙火花、星爍山茉莉)
Clerodendrum quadriloculare var. brandonii
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Clerodendrum schweinfurthii
Clerodendrum serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium(三台花)
Clerodendrum serratum var. glabrescens
Clerodendrum serratum var. herbaceum(草本三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. nepalense
Clerodendrum serratum var. obovatum
Clerodendrum serratum var. pilosum
Clerodendrum serratum var. serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. velutinum
Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii(大序三對節)
Clerodendrum smithianum(玉蝶花、玉蝶藤)
Clerodendrum speciosissimum(美麗赬桐、爪哇楨桐)
Clerodendrum speciosum(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum splendens(紅龍吐珠、紅花楨桐、艷赬桐、美麗赬桐、華麗龍吐珠、龍吐珠藤)
Clerodendrum subscaposum(抽葶大青)
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Clerodendrum thomsoniae(龍吐珠、臭牡丹藤、珍珠寶蓮、一點紅、爬藤大青、吐龍珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Delectum'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegata'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegatum'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum tibetanum(西藏大青)
Clerodendrum tomentosum：白花
Clerodendrum trichotomum(海州常山、山豬枷、臭梧桐)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. fargesii(臭老漢、恒春海州常山、法氏海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. ferrugineum(鏽毛海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. trichotomum(海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Carnival'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Delectum'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Variegata'(金葉海州常山)
Clerodendrum triplinerve
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Clerodendrum ugandense(藍蝶花、藍蝴蝶花、紫蝶花、花蝴蝶)
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Clerodendrum villosum(絹毛大青、長毛臭牡丹、長毛臭牡丹)
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Clerodendrum wallichii(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum yunnanense(滇常山)
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Clerodendrum × speciosum(Clerodendrum splendens × Clerodendrum thomsoniae)(紅花龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Java Red'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Red Wine'(紅萼龍吐珠)
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