化石樹

化石樹學名Clerodendrum calamitosum Linn. Mant.、Volkameria alternifolia Burm. f.，英文名White Butterfly.，唇形(唇形花、脣形花)科牡荊亞科海州常山(大青、赬桐、苦郎)屬半落葉性灌木植物，又稱結石樹、圓葉化石樹、大號化石樹、大號化石草、大本化石草、化石草、圓葉化石草、南洋草、爪哇大青、白蝶大青、蝶大青、古蘆常山、卡地布典，原產於印尼爪哇，株高可達一公尺或以上，具多數枝條，小枝直立或斜上昇，幼枝綠色，被絨毛，單葉對生，稀輪生，葉闊橢圓形，端部鈍形或突細尖，基部廣楔形，粗鋸齒葉緣，葉長五至十公分，寬三至五公分，葉面深綠色，皺褶狀，羽狀脈，葉脈清晰，葉脈於葉表面凹入而於葉背隆起，無托葉，葉柄長一至三公分，兩性花，聚繖花序，腋生，於枝端腋出，再形成圓錐花序狀，花序梗被軟毛，花梗長約四至九公釐，苞片線形，長約八公釐，花萼杯狀、鐘狀，萼筒長約八公釐，被疏毛，四裂，萼裂片狹長形，長八至十三公釐，先端尖，花萼宿存，花冠高腳碟形、長漏斗形，形似蝴蝶，展開狀，花白色，花冠筒細長，長約二十五公釐，被絨毛，先端五裂，裂片(花瓣)狹倒卵形，雄蕊四枚，花絲離生，著生於花筒管上，伸出於花冠外，雌蕊心皮四枚，合生，柱頭二淺裂，子房球形，子房上位，子房不完全四室，中軸胎座，每室具胚珠一枚，核果，圓球形，徑八、九公釐，基部襯托有殘存紅色花萼，熟時黑色，種子四枚，黑色。

 海州常山(Clerodendrum)屬原屬於馬鞭草科，依分類法劃入唇形科。

常見海州常山(Clerodendrum)屬之品種有：
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Clerodendrum aculeatum
Clerodendrum aculeatum var. gracile
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Clerodendrum brachystemon(短蕊大青)
Clerodendrum bracteatum(苞花大青)
Clerodendrum buchananii
Clerodendrum buchananii 'Java Glorybower'
Clerodendrum bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. megacalyx(大萼臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei 'Pink Diamond'(粉鑽海州常山)
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Clerodendrum calamitosum(爪哇大青、化石樹、大號化石樹、結石樹)
Clerodendrum canescens(白毛臭牡丹、白毛臭茉莉、灰毛大青)
Clerodendrum capitatum
Clerodendrum chinense(重瓣臭茉莉、臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. chinense(重瓣臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. simplex(臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense 'Philippinum'
Clerodendrum colebrookianum(腺茉莉)
Clerodendrum confine(川黔大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. kwangsiense(廣西大青)
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Clerodendrum ervatamioides(狗牙大青)
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Clerodendrum floribundum
Clerodendrum fortunatum(白花燈籠)
Clerodendrum fragrans
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Clerodendrum garrettianum(泰國垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum glabrum
Clerodendrum griffithianum(西垂茉莉)
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Clerodendrum hainanense(海南赬桐)
Clerodendrum henryi(海南垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum heterophyllum
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Clerodendrum incisum(音符花)
Clerodendrum indicum：白花(長管大青)
Clerodendrum inerme(苦林盤、苦藍盤、苦郎樹、苦楮、假茉莉、許樹)
Clerodendrum infortunatum：白花紅心
Clerodendrum intermedium(墾丁苦林盤)
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Clerodendrum japonicum(赬桐、龍船花、荷苞花、狀元紅、百日紅、貞桐花、紅花倒血蓮)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. album(白花赬桐、白龍船花)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. japonicum(龍船花原變種)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. pleniflorum
Clerodendrum japonicum var. ?(粉花赬桐、粉赬桐)
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Clerodendrum kaempferi(=Clerodendrum japonicum)(龍船花、癲婆花、紅龍船花、龍爪花、發瘋花)
Clerodendrum kaempferi album
Clerodendrum kaichianum(浙江大青)
Clerodendrum kiangsiense(江西大青)
Clerodendrum kwangtungense(廣東大青)
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Clerodendrum laciniatum
Clerodendrum laevifolium
Clerodendrum lindleyi(尖齒臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum longilimbum(長葉大青)
Clerodendrum luteopunctatum(黃腺大青)
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Clerodendrum madagascariense
Clerodendrum magnoliaefolium
Clerodendrum mandarinorum(海通)
Clerodendrum mastacanthum
Clerodendrum minahassae
Clerodendrum molle
Clerodendrum myricoides
Clerodendrum myricoides 'Ugandense'
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Clerodendrum nutans(=Clerodendrum wallichii)(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum ohwi(花蓮海州常山)
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Clerodendrum paniculatum(寶塔龍船花、圓錐大青、塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum var. albiflorum(白花龍船花、白龍船花、白圓錐大青、白花錐常山)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Alba'(白色佛塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Borneo Sunset'：紫葉紅花
Clerodendrum peii(長梗大青)
Clerodendrum philippinum(臭茉莉)
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Clerodendrum quadriloculare(煙火樹、煙火花、星爍山茉莉)
Clerodendrum quadriloculare var. brandonii
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Clerodendrum schweinfurthii
Clerodendrum serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium(三台花)
Clerodendrum serratum var. glabrescens
Clerodendrum serratum var. herbaceum(草本三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. nepalense
Clerodendrum serratum var. obovatum
Clerodendrum serratum var. pilosum
Clerodendrum serratum var. serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. velutinum
Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii(大序三對節)
Clerodendrum smithianum(玉蝶花、玉蝶藤)
Clerodendrum speciosissimum(美麗赬桐、爪哇楨桐)
Clerodendrum speciosum(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum splendens(紅龍吐珠、紅花楨桐、艷赬桐、美麗赬桐、華麗龍吐珠、龍吐珠藤)
Clerodendrum subscaposum(抽葶大青)
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Clerodendrum thomsoniae(龍吐珠、臭牡丹藤、珍珠寶蓮、一點紅、爬藤大青、吐龍珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Delectum'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegata'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegatum'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum tibetanum(西藏大青)
Clerodendrum tomentosum：白花
Clerodendrum trichotomum(海州常山、山豬枷、臭梧桐)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. fargesii(臭老漢、恒春海州常山、法氏海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. ferrugineum(鏽毛海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. trichotomum(海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Carnival'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Delectum'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Variegata'(金葉海州常山)
Clerodendrum triplinerve
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Clerodendrum ugandense(藍蝶花、藍蝴蝶花、紫蝶花、花蝴蝶)
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Clerodendrum villosum(絹毛大青、長毛臭牡丹、長毛臭牡丹)
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Clerodendrum wallichii(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum yunnanense(滇常山)
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Clerodendrum × speciosum(Clerodendrum splendens × Clerodendrum thomsoniae)(紅花龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Java Red'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Red Wine'(紅萼龍吐珠)
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