海州常山

海州常山學名Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb.、Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. var. fargesii (Dode) Rehder、Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. var. ferrugineum Nakai、Clerodendrum trichotomum f. albicarpum Satomi、Clerodendrum trichotomum var. esculentum Makino、Clerodendrum trichotomum var. villosum P. S. Hsu、Clerodendrum serotinum Carriere、Siphonanthus trichotomum var. fargesii (Dode) Nakai、Siphonanthus trichotomus (Thunb.) Nakai、Siphonanthus trichotomus var. esculentus (Makino) Nakai，英文名Harlequin Glorybower，唇形(唇形花、脣形花)科牡荊亞科海州常山(大青、赬桐、苦郎)屬多年生灌木或小喬木植物，又稱臭牡丹、臭梧桐、臭桐、臭桐柴、臭芙蓉、臭木、海桐、八角梧桐、地梧桐、泡花桐、泡火桐、楸葉常山、楸茶葉、鳳眼子、矮桐子、岩桐子、追風骨、追骨風、鏽毛海州常山、秋葉、山豬枷、芙蓉根、百日紅、後庭花、香楸，原產於中國、韓國、日本、琉球，落葉性，植株具臭味，株高可達十公尺，莖直立，小枝被白或鏽褐色毛，老枝灰白色，有皮孔，髓部白色，單葉對生，葉卵形、寬卵形、三角狀卵形，端部銳尖，基部截形、淺心形、楔形，葉全緣或疏齒葉緣，葉紙質、厚紙質，葉面灰綠色，兩面被毛，掌狀脈，基出三至五脈，次脈羽狀脈，側脈三至五對，細脈明顯，細緻，無托葉，具葉柄，被白或鏽褐色毛，兩性花，聚繖花序，排列成圓錐花序狀，腋生或頂生，花序梗細長，花多數，著生於小枝先端之葉腋或頂生，花梗近光滑無毛茸，小苞片羽狀，三枚輪生，花萼杯狀、鐘狀、倒圓錐狀鐘形，先端五裂，裂片長披針形，先端銳尖，花萼宿存，花冠高腳碟形、高盆狀，花白、淡黃色，冠筒細長，先端五裂，裂片(花瓣)長橢圓形，先端鈍，雄蕊四枚，著生於冠筒內，挺出於花冠外，花絲線形，細長，離生，著生於花冠筒，雌蕊心皮四枚，合生，花柱細長，挺出於花冠外，柱頭二淺裂，子房上位，子房四室，中軸胎座，核果，近球形，熟時藍色，基部有殘存紅色花萼，熟後紫黑、藍紫色，種子四枚。

海州常山(Clerodendrum)屬原屬於馬鞭草科，依分類法劃入唇形科。

「海州常山屬」種檢索表：
A.葉柄短於1cm，花序多具3朵花。...■苦林盤
A.葉柄長於1cm，花序具多朵花。
＿B.葉背密佈盾狀腺體，花序軸紅色。...■龍船花
＿B.葉背具少數盾狀腺體或無。
＿＿C.葉身長度為寬的2-4倍。...■大青
＿＿C.葉身長度小於葉寬的2倍。
＿＿＿D.花序為疏鬆的聚繖花序。
＿＿＿＿E.葉倒披針形或橢圓形至長橢圓形。...■花蓮海州常山
＿＿＿＿E.葉卵形或三角狀卵形。...■海州常山
＿＿＿D.花序密集成球狀。
＿＿＿＿E.萼片卵形或闊卵形且長於果實，無盾狀腺體。...■白毛臭牡丹
＿＿＿＿E.萼片線狀披針形或披針形且短於果實，具盾狀腺體。...■臭茉莉

常見海州常山(Clerodendrum)屬之品種有：
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Clerodendrum aculeatum
Clerodendrum aculeatum var. gracile
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Clerodendrum brachystemon(短蕊大青)
Clerodendrum bracteatum(苞花大青)
Clerodendrum buchananii
Clerodendrum buchananii 'Java Glorybower'
Clerodendrum bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. megacalyx(大萼臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei 'Pink Diamond'(粉鑽海州常山)
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Clerodendrum calamitosum(爪哇大青、化石樹、大號化石樹、結石樹)
Clerodendrum canescens(白毛臭牡丹、白毛臭茉莉、灰毛大青)
Clerodendrum capitatum
Clerodendrum chinense(重瓣臭茉莉、臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. chinense(重瓣臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. simplex(臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense 'Philippinum'
Clerodendrum colebrookianum(腺茉莉)
Clerodendrum confine(川黔大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. kwangsiense(廣西大青)
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Clerodendrum ervatamioides(狗牙大青)
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Clerodendrum floribundum
Clerodendrum fortunatum(白花燈籠)
Clerodendrum fragrans
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Clerodendrum garrettianum(泰國垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum glabrum
Clerodendrum griffithianum(西垂茉莉)
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Clerodendrum hainanense(海南赬桐)
Clerodendrum henryi(海南垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum heterophyllum
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Clerodendrum incisum(音符花)
Clerodendrum indicum：白花(長管大青)
Clerodendrum inerme(苦林盤、苦藍盤、苦郎樹、苦楮、假茉莉、許樹)
Clerodendrum infortunatum：白花紅心
Clerodendrum intermedium(墾丁苦林盤)
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Clerodendrum japonicum(赬桐、龍船花、荷苞花、狀元紅、百日紅、貞桐花、紅花倒血蓮)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. album(白花赬桐、白龍船花)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. japonicum(龍船花原變種)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. pleniflorum
Clerodendrum japonicum var. ?(粉花赬桐、粉赬桐)
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Clerodendrum kaempferi(=Clerodendrum japonicum)(龍船花、癲婆花、紅龍船花、龍爪花、發瘋花)
Clerodendrum kaempferi album
Clerodendrum kaichianum(浙江大青)
Clerodendrum kiangsiense(江西大青)
Clerodendrum kwangtungense(廣東大青)
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Clerodendrum laciniatum
Clerodendrum laevifolium
Clerodendrum lindleyi(尖齒臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum longilimbum(長葉大青)
Clerodendrum luteopunctatum(黃腺大青)
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Clerodendrum madagascariense
Clerodendrum magnoliaefolium
Clerodendrum mandarinorum(海通)
Clerodendrum mastacanthum
Clerodendrum minahassae
Clerodendrum molle
Clerodendrum myricoides
Clerodendrum myricoides 'Ugandense'
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Clerodendrum nutans(=Clerodendrum wallichii)(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum ohwi(花蓮海州常山)
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Clerodendrum paniculatum(寶塔龍船花、圓錐大青、塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum var. albiflorum(白花龍船花、白龍船花、白圓錐大青、白花錐常山)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Alba'(白色佛塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Borneo Sunset'：紫葉紅花
Clerodendrum peii(長梗大青)
Clerodendrum philippinum(臭茉莉)
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Clerodendrum quadriloculare(煙火樹、煙火花、星爍山茉莉)
Clerodendrum quadriloculare var. brandonii
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Clerodendrum schweinfurthii
Clerodendrum serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium(三台花)
Clerodendrum serratum var. glabrescens
Clerodendrum serratum var. herbaceum(草本三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. nepalense
Clerodendrum serratum var. obovatum
Clerodendrum serratum var. pilosum
Clerodendrum serratum var. serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. velutinum
Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii(大序三對節)
Clerodendrum smithianum(玉蝶花、玉蝶藤)
Clerodendrum speciosissimum(美麗赬桐、爪哇楨桐)
Clerodendrum speciosum(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum splendens(紅龍吐珠、紅花楨桐、艷赬桐、美麗赬桐、華麗龍吐珠、龍吐珠藤)
Clerodendrum subscaposum(抽葶大青)
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Clerodendrum thomsoniae(龍吐珠、臭牡丹藤、珍珠寶蓮、一點紅、爬藤大青、吐龍珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Delectum'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegata'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegatum'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum tibetanum(西藏大青)
Clerodendrum tomentosum：白花
Clerodendrum trichotomum(海州常山、山豬枷、臭梧桐)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. fargesii(臭老漢、恒春海州常山、法氏海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. ferrugineum(鏽毛海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. trichotomum(海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Carnival'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Delectum'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Variegata'(金葉海州常山)
Clerodendrum triplinerve
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Clerodendrum ugandense(藍蝶花、藍蝴蝶花、紫蝶花、花蝴蝶)
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Clerodendrum villosum(絹毛大青、長毛臭牡丹、長毛臭牡丹)
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Clerodendrum wallichii(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum yunnanense(滇常山)
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Clerodendrum × speciosum(Clerodendrum splendens × Clerodendrum thomsoniae)(紅花龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Java Red'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Red Wine'(紅萼龍吐珠)
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