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2023年10月11日 星期三

白毛臭牡丹

白毛臭牡丹學名Clerodendrum canescens Wall. ex Walpers、Clerodendrum petasites auct. non (Lour.) Moore,英文名Greyhair Glorybower,唇形(唇形花、脣形花)科牡荊亞科海州常山(大青、赬桐、苦郎)屬多年生常綠灌木或小喬木植物,又稱白毛臭茉莉、臭茉莉、灰毛臭茉莉、山茉莉、毛赬桐、 黏毛赬桐、天燈籠、白花鬼燈籠、六燈籠、灰毛大青、白毛常山、獅子球、人瘦木、灰毛大青,原產於中國南部、台灣、越南北部、印度,株高可達五公尺,全株密被細茸毛,莖直立,具多數枝條,小枝四方形,小枝被白至淡褐色毛茸,單葉對生,葉廣卵形、心形,端部漸尖,基部鈍、心形,葉緣微尖狀稀疏鋸齒,葉長八至十六公分,寬四至九公分,紙質、厚膜質,葉表面綠色,有光澤,葉背面淡綠色,兩面密布灰白色毛茸,掌狀脈,基出三脈,於表面凹下而於背面隆起,次脈羽狀,側脈每邊三至六條,細脈明顯,細緻,無托葉,葉柄長三至十公分,密布毛茸,有淺溝紋,兩性花,聚繖花序,頂生,花序細長,長三至六公分,密生灰白色毛茸,花梗長五至十公釐,密生毛茸,苞片葉狀,長橢圓形,長十至十二公釐,先端銳尖,花萼鐘形,長四至六公釐,先端五深裂,裂片卵形、闊卵形,先端銳尖,萼片熟時鮮紅色,花冠高杯狀,開放時徑 七至九公釐,花白色或帶緋紅色,被短毛,不具香味,花冠管細長,長十二至十五公釐,先端五裂,裂片(花瓣)倒長卵形,長四至六公釐,先端鈍,光滑無毛,雄蕊四枚,著生冠筒內,挺出於花冠筒外,花絲線形,花藥卵形,雌蕊心皮四枚,合生,花柱與花冠等長或略長,柱頭二歧,紫色,子房球形,子房上位,子房不完全四室,中軸胎座,核果,球形,徑六、七公釐,多漿汁,熟時深藍、黑色,由殘存花萼襯托,熟時深藍、黑色,突然裂為四分核,種子四枚,長橢圓形,光滑無毛茸。

海州常山(Clerodendrum)屬原屬於馬鞭草科,依分類法劃入唇形科。

「海州常山屬」種檢索表:
A.葉柄短於1cm,花序多具3朵花。...■苦林盤
A.葉柄長於1cm,花序具多朵花。
_B.葉背密佈盾狀腺體,花序軸紅色。...■龍船花
_B.葉背具少數盾狀腺體或無。
__C.葉身長度為寬的2-4倍。...■大青
__C.葉身長度小於葉寬的2倍。
___D.花序為疏鬆的聚繖花序。
____E.葉倒披針形或橢圓形至長橢圓形。...■花蓮海州常山
____E.葉卵形或三角狀卵形。...■海州常山
___D.花序密集成球狀。
____E.萼片卵形或闊卵形且長於果實,無盾狀腺體。...■白毛臭牡丹
____E.萼片線狀披針形或披針形且短於果實,具盾狀腺體。...■臭茉莉

常見海州常山(Clerodendrum)屬之品種有:
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Clerodendrum aculeatum
Clerodendrum aculeatum var. gracile
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Clerodendrum brachystemon(短蕊大青)
Clerodendrum bracteatum(苞花大青)
Clerodendrum buchananii
Clerodendrum buchananii 'Java Glorybower'
Clerodendrum bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. megacalyx(大萼臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei 'Pink Diamond'(粉鑽海州常山)
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Clerodendrum calamitosum(爪哇大青、化石樹、大號化石樹、結石樹)
Clerodendrum canescens(白毛臭牡丹、白毛臭茉莉、灰毛大青)
Clerodendrum capitatum
Clerodendrum chinense(重瓣臭茉莉、臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. chinense(重瓣臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. simplex(臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense 'Philippinum'
Clerodendrum colebrookianum(腺茉莉)
Clerodendrum confine(川黔大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. kwangsiense(廣西大青)
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Clerodendrum ervatamioides(狗牙大青)
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Clerodendrum floribundum
Clerodendrum fortunatum(白花燈籠)
Clerodendrum fragrans
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Clerodendrum garrettianum(泰國垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum glabrum
Clerodendrum griffithianum(西垂茉莉)
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Clerodendrum hainanense(海南赬桐)
Clerodendrum henryi(海南垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum heterophyllum
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Clerodendrum incisum(音符花)
Clerodendrum indicum:白花(長管大青)
Clerodendrum inerme(苦林盤、苦藍盤、苦郎樹、苦楮、假茉莉、許樹)
Clerodendrum infortunatum:白花紅心
Clerodendrum intermedium(墾丁苦林盤)
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Clerodendrum japonicum(赬桐、龍船花、荷苞花、狀元紅、百日紅、貞桐花、紅花倒血蓮)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. album(白花赬桐、白龍船花)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. japonicum(龍船花原變種)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. pleniflorum
Clerodendrum japonicum var. ?(粉花赬桐、粉赬桐)
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Clerodendrum kaempferi(=Clerodendrum japonicum)(龍船花、癲婆花、紅龍船花、龍爪花、發瘋花)
Clerodendrum kaempferi album
Clerodendrum kaichianum(浙江大青)
Clerodendrum kiangsiense(江西大青)
Clerodendrum kwangtungense(廣東大青)
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Clerodendrum laciniatum
Clerodendrum laevifolium
Clerodendrum lindleyi(尖齒臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum longilimbum(長葉大青)
Clerodendrum luteopunctatum(黃腺大青)
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Clerodendrum madagascariense
Clerodendrum magnoliaefolium
Clerodendrum mandarinorum(海通)
Clerodendrum mastacanthum
Clerodendrum minahassae
Clerodendrum molle
Clerodendrum myricoides
Clerodendrum myricoides 'Ugandense'
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Clerodendrum nutans(=Clerodendrum wallichii)(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum ohwi(花蓮海州常山)
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Clerodendrum paniculatum(寶塔龍船花、圓錐大青、塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum var. albiflorum(白花龍船花、白龍船花、白圓錐大青、白花錐常山)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Alba'(白色佛塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Borneo Sunset':紫葉紅花
Clerodendrum peii(長梗大青)
Clerodendrum philippinum(臭茉莉)
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Clerodendrum quadriloculare(煙火樹、煙火花、星爍山茉莉)
Clerodendrum quadriloculare var. brandonii
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Clerodendrum schweinfurthii
Clerodendrum serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium(三台花)
Clerodendrum serratum var. glabrescens
Clerodendrum serratum var. herbaceum(草本三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. nepalense
Clerodendrum serratum var. obovatum
Clerodendrum serratum var. pilosum
Clerodendrum serratum var. serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. velutinum
Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii(大序三對節)
Clerodendrum smithianum(玉蝶花、玉蝶藤)
Clerodendrum speciosissimum(美麗赬桐、爪哇楨桐)
Clerodendrum speciosum(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum splendens(紅龍吐珠、紅花楨桐、艷赬桐、美麗赬桐、華麗龍吐珠、龍吐珠藤)
Clerodendrum subscaposum(抽葶大青)
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Clerodendrum thomsoniae(龍吐珠、臭牡丹藤、珍珠寶蓮、一點紅、爬藤大青、吐龍珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Delectum'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegata'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegatum'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum tibetanum(西藏大青)
Clerodendrum tomentosum:白花
Clerodendrum trichotomum(海州常山、山豬枷、臭梧桐)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. fargesii(臭老漢、恒春海州常山、法氏海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. ferrugineum(鏽毛海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. trichotomum(海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Carnival'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Delectum'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Variegata'(金葉海州常山)
Clerodendrum triplinerve
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Clerodendrum ugandense(藍蝶花、藍蝴蝶花、紫蝶花、花蝴蝶)
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Clerodendrum villosum(絹毛大青、長毛臭牡丹、長毛臭牡丹)
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Clerodendrum wallichii(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum yunnanense(滇常山)
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Clerodendrum × speciosum(Clerodendrum splendens × Clerodendrum thomsoniae)(紅花龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Java Red'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Red Wine'(紅萼龍吐珠)
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