玉蝶藤

玉蝶藤學名Clerodendrum smithianum，英文名Light Bulb Clerodendrum、Chains of Glory，唇形(唇形花、脣形)科牡荊亞科海州常山(大青、赬桐、苦郎)屬多年生常綠灌木植物，又稱白玉蝶、白玉蝴蝶、玉蝴蝶、玉蝶花、紅萼垂茉莉、紅萼垂枝茉莉，原產地不明，可能是泰國，株高約六十公分，可達三公尺，莖直立，枝條纖細，小枝方形，單葉對生，葉披針形，端部漸尖，基部鈍至漸狹，全緣葉，略帶波浪狀，葉下垂狀，紙質，葉面深綠色，羽狀脈，葉脈於表面凹入而於背面隆起，無托葉，短葉柄，兩性花，聚繖花序，呈圓錐花序狀排列，頂生或腋生，自枝端下垂，花梗細長，花萼杯狀、鐘狀，深四、五裂，深褐、鮮紅、紫紅色，花後膨大，萼片增厚，花萼宿存，花冠高腳碟形，花白色，冠筒細長，下垂，花形似白蝶，具芳香，先端五裂(花瓣五枚)，雄蕊四枚，突出於花冠外，與花冠裂片互生，花絲線形，細長，離生，著生於花冠筒上，雌蕊心皮四枚，合生，花柱長，挺出於花冠外，柱頭二淺裂，子房上位，子房四室，中軸胎座 ，核果，球形，徑約五至九公釐，熟時紫黑色，熟後四裂，乾後有突起網紋，宿萼初包果實，後開展反折，種子四枚，黑色。

海州常山(大青)屬原屬於馬鞭草科，依分類法劃入唇形科。

「玉蝶藤(Clerodendrum smithianum)」與「垂茉莉(Clerodendrum wallichii)」相似，網路上別名常混稱，具專家研究，認為兩者型態、葉片、花序、花萼、花型略有差異，應是不同品種，「玉蝶藤」花萼深褐、鮮紅、紫紅色，而「垂茉莉」花萼偏黃綠、綠色，香港一些網路資訊將兩者通稱「垂茉莉(垂花茉莉)」，再依學名(品種)不同分別稱之「紅萼垂茉莉(Clerodendrum smithianum)」與「綠萼垂茉莉(Clerodendrum wallichii)」。

常見海州常山(Clerodendrum)屬之品種有：
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Clerodendrum aculeatum
Clerodendrum aculeatum var. gracile
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Clerodendrum brachystemon(短蕊大青)
Clerodendrum bracteatum(苞花大青)
Clerodendrum buchananii
Clerodendrum buchananii 'Java Glorybower'
Clerodendrum bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. bungei(臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei var. megacalyx(大萼臭牡丹)
Clerodendrum bungei 'Pink Diamond'(粉鑽海州常山)
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Clerodendrum calamitosum(爪哇大青、化石樹、大號化石樹、結石樹)
Clerodendrum canescens(白毛臭牡丹、白毛臭茉莉、灰毛大青)
Clerodendrum capitatum
Clerodendrum chinense(重瓣臭茉莉、臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. chinense(重瓣臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense var. simplex(臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum chinense 'Philippinum'
Clerodendrum colebrookianum(腺茉莉)
Clerodendrum confine(川黔大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. cyrtophyllum(大青)
Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum var. kwangsiense(廣西大青)
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Clerodendrum ervatamioides(狗牙大青)
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Clerodendrum floribundum
Clerodendrum fortunatum(白花燈籠)
Clerodendrum fragrans
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Clerodendrum garrettianum(泰國垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum glabrum
Clerodendrum griffithianum(西垂茉莉)
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Clerodendrum hainanense(海南赬桐)
Clerodendrum henryi(海南垂茉莉)
Clerodendrum heterophyllum
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Clerodendrum incisum(音符花)
Clerodendrum indicum：白花(長管大青)
Clerodendrum inerme(苦林盤、苦藍盤、苦郎樹、苦楮、假茉莉、許樹)
Clerodendrum infortunatum：白花紅心
Clerodendrum intermedium(墾丁苦林盤)
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Clerodendrum japonicum(赬桐、龍船花、荷苞花、狀元紅、百日紅、貞桐花、紅花倒血蓮)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. album(白花赬桐、白龍船花)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. japonicum(龍船花原變種)
Clerodendrum japonicum var. pleniflorum
Clerodendrum japonicum var. ?(粉花赬桐、粉赬桐)
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Clerodendrum kaempferi(=Clerodendrum japonicum)(龍船花、癲婆花、紅龍船花、龍爪花、發瘋花)
Clerodendrum kaempferi album
Clerodendrum kaichianum(浙江大青)
Clerodendrum kiangsiense(江西大青)
Clerodendrum kwangtungense(廣東大青)
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Clerodendrum laciniatum
Clerodendrum laevifolium
Clerodendrum lindleyi(尖齒臭茉莉)
Clerodendrum longilimbum(長葉大青)
Clerodendrum luteopunctatum(黃腺大青)
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Clerodendrum madagascariense
Clerodendrum magnoliaefolium
Clerodendrum mandarinorum(海通)
Clerodendrum mastacanthum
Clerodendrum minahassae
Clerodendrum molle
Clerodendrum myricoides
Clerodendrum myricoides 'Ugandense'
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Clerodendrum nutans(=Clerodendrum wallichii)(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum ohwi(花蓮海州常山)
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Clerodendrum paniculatum(寶塔龍船花、圓錐大青、塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum var. albiflorum(白花龍船花、白龍船花、白圓錐大青、白花錐常山)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Alba'(白色佛塔花)
Clerodendrum paniculatum 'Borneo Sunset'：紫葉紅花
Clerodendrum peii(長梗大青)
Clerodendrum philippinum(臭茉莉)
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Clerodendrum quadriloculare(煙火樹、煙火花、星爍山茉莉)
Clerodendrum quadriloculare var. brandonii
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Clerodendrum schweinfurthii
Clerodendrum serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. amplexifolium(三台花)
Clerodendrum serratum var. glabrescens
Clerodendrum serratum var. herbaceum(草本三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. nepalense
Clerodendrum serratum var. obovatum
Clerodendrum serratum var. pilosum
Clerodendrum serratum var. serratum(三對節)
Clerodendrum serratum var. velutinum
Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii(大序三對節)
Clerodendrum smithianum(玉蝶花、玉蝶藤)
Clerodendrum speciosissimum(美麗赬桐、爪哇楨桐)
Clerodendrum speciosum(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum splendens(紅龍吐珠、紅花楨桐、艷赬桐、美麗赬桐、華麗龍吐珠、龍吐珠藤)
Clerodendrum subscaposum(抽葶大青)
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Clerodendrum thomsoniae(龍吐珠、臭牡丹藤、珍珠寶蓮、一點紅、爬藤大青、吐龍珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Delectum'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegata'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum thomsoniae 'Variegatum'(花葉龍吐珠、斑葉龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum tibetanum(西藏大青)
Clerodendrum tomentosum：白花
Clerodendrum trichotomum(海州常山、山豬枷、臭梧桐)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. fargesii(臭老漢、恒春海州常山、法氏海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. ferrugineum(鏽毛海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. trichotomum(海州常山)
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Carnival'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Delectum'
Clerodendrum trichotomum 'Variegata'(金葉海州常山)
Clerodendrum triplinerve
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Clerodendrum ugandense(藍蝶花、藍蝴蝶花、紫蝶花、花蝴蝶)
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Clerodendrum villosum(絹毛大青、長毛臭牡丹、長毛臭牡丹)
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Clerodendrum wallichii(垂茉莉、黑葉龍吐珠、節枝常山)
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Clerodendrum yunnanense(滇常山)
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Clerodendrum × speciosum(Clerodendrum splendens × Clerodendrum thomsoniae)(紅花龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Java Red'(紅萼龍吐珠)
Clerodendrum × speciosum 'Red Wine'(紅萼龍吐珠)
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