絡石

絡石學名Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lemaire、Parechites adnascens Hance、Rhynchospermum jasminoides Lindl.，英文名Confederate Jasmine、Chinese Star Jasmine、Fetid Star Jasmine，夾竹桃科絡石屬常綠藤本植物，又稱石龍藤、絡石藤、台灣白花藤、白花藤、鹽酸仔藤、椿根藤、軟筋藤、牆絡藤、石盤藤、石邦藤、扒牆虎、騎牆虎、懸石、略石、鯪石、石鯪、藤絡、耐冬、萬字茉莉、過橋風，原產於中國，莖木質，具纏繞性，長可達十公尺，具乳汁，莖赤褐色，多分枝，幼枝常被黃色細柔毛，老時漸無毛，被點狀皮孔，枝條與節上於攀援時不生氣根，單葉對生，葉橢圓形、長橢圓形、卵狀披針形、卵狀橢圓形、寬倒卵形，端部鈍圓、短尖、漸尖、銳尖，有時微凹、小凸尖，基部鈍圓形、漸狹、闊楔形，全緣葉，葉長二至十公分，寬一至五公分，葉革質、近革質、略革質，葉片於生長過程中變化大，幼葉葉面被灰褐色絨毛，老漸無毛，葉背面被短絨毛，葉上表面深綠色，葉背面淡綠、灰白綠色，羽狀脈，中脈微凹，側脈扁平，葉背中脈凸起，側脈每邊六至十二條，扁平或稍凸起，無托葉，葉柄長二至五公釐，被短柔毛，老漸無毛，葉柄內與葉腋外腺體鑽形，長約一公釐，兩性花，聚繖花序，腋生或頂生，二歧，多枚組成圓錐狀花序，與葉等長或較長，總花梗長二至五公分，被柔毛，老時漸無毛，花梗長，苞片與小苞片狹披針形，長一、二公釐，花萼五深裂，覆瓦狀排列，外面被有長柔毛與緣毛，內面無毛，裂片線形、線狀披針形，長二至五公釐，先端反卷，基部具鱗片狀腺體十枚，花萼內基部具腺體五至十枚，花蕾頂端鈍，花冠高腳碟形、高盆形，花白色，具香氣，冠筒圓筒形，長約八公分，筒中部膨大，外面無毛，內面在喉部與雄蕊著生處被短柔毛，花冠上緣五裂，裂片長橢圓狀披針形，長五至十公釐，裂片迴旋狀排列，向右相疊覆蓋，平展狀，無毛，花冠筒口被毛，花盤環狀，五裂，與子房等長，花盤具腺體五枚，其中二枚合生，三枚離生，雄蕊五枚，生於花冠管內中上部，腹部粘生於柱頭上，花絲離生，短而扁闊，花藥箭形，頂端不伸出花冠喉部外，基部具耳，隱藏於花冠喉部內，雌蕊一枚，雌蕊心皮二枚，離生，無毛，花柱一枚，圓柱狀，細長，柱頭卵圓形，頂端全緣，子房上位，子房二室，側膜胎座，胚珠多數，蓇葖果，二枚成對(雙生)，並生，叉開，長細柱形、線狀披針形，長約十至二十公分，寬約三至十公釐，向先端漸尖，近水平開展或呈七十至九十度夾角，無毛，熟時開裂，種子多數，線形，扁平，長十五至二十公釐，直徑約二公釐，無毛，褐色，頂端生一束絹質種毛，種毛白色，種毛長十五至三十公釐，熟時展開藉以飛翔散播。

「絡石屬」種檢索表：
A.小枝及葉背密被絨毛，花萼裂片線狀披針形，長2-6mm，先端平展或反捲。---★絡石
A.小枝及葉背光滑或略被毛，花萼裂片卵或卵狀三角形，長1-2mm，先端緊貼花冠筒。
--B.葉狹橢圓形，先端漸尖。---★台灣絡石
--B.葉橢圓形、長橢圓形或倒卵形，先端銳尖或鈍。
----C.葉橢圓、長橢圓形或略倒卵形，花冠筒口部光滑無毛。---★細梗絡石
----C.葉倒卵形或稀橢圓形，花冠筒口部被毛。---★蘭嶼絡石

絡石屬(Trachelospermum)常見之品種有：
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Trachelospermum adnascens
Trachelospermum anceps
Trachelospermum asiaticum(Trachelospermum gracilipes)(小金絡石、亞洲絡石、細梗絡石)
Trachelospermum asiaticum var. brevisepalum
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Asia Minor'
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Asiatic Jasmine'
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Bonsai'
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'FT01'
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Gold Brocade'：黃金色斑葉(黃金絡石)
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Hatsuyuki'：花葉(初雪葛、五色葛)
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Hatsuyukikazura'：花葉(初雪葛、五色葛)
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'HOSNS'
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Mandanianum'
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Minima'
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Nana'
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Ogon Nishiki'：黃金色斑葉(黃金絡石、金葉絡石)
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Ougon Nishiki'：黃金色+紅色斑葉(黃金絡石、金葉絡石)
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Pink Showers'：粉紅花
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Rose'：粉紅花
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Snow N Summer'：花葉(花葉絡石)
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Summer Sunset'：黃金色斑葉(黃金絡石、金葉絡石)
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Theta'：細長葉
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Tricolor'：花葉(花葉絡石)
Trachelospermum asiaticum 'Variegatum'：斑葉(斑葉絡石、變色絡石)
Trachelospermum assamense
Trachelospermum auritum
Trachelospermum axillare
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Trachelospermum bessonii
Trachelospermum bodinieri
Trachelospermum borneanum
Trachelospermum bowringii
Trachelospermum brevisepalum
Trachelospermum brevistylum
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Trachelospermum cathayanum
Trachelospermum cathayanum var. longipedicellatum
Trachelospermum cathayanum var. tetanocarpum
Trachelospermum cavaleriei
Trachelospermum crocostomum
Trachelospermum cuneatum
Trachelospermum cunisii
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Trachelospermum difforme
Trachelospermum divaricatum
Trachelospermum divaricatum var. brevisepalum
Trachelospermum dunnii
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Trachelospermum eglandulatum
Trachelospermum esquirolii
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Trachelospermum foetidum
Trachelospermum formosanum(台灣絡石)
Trachelospermum fragrans
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Trachelospermum gracilipes(同 Trachelospermum asiaticum)
Trachelospermum gracilipes var. cavaleriei
Trachelospermum gracilipes var. hupehense
Trachelospermum gracilipes var. liukiuense
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Trachelospermum inflatum
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Trachelospermum jasminoides(絡石)
Trachelospermum jasminoides var. foetida
Trachelospermum jasminoides var. heterophyllum(石血)
Trachelospermum jasminoides var. jasminoides
Trachelospermum jasminoides var. pubescens
Trachelospermum jasminoides var. variegatum：斑葉(變色絡石)
Trachelospermum jasminoides 'Star Jasmine'：綠葉
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Trachelospermum kuraruense(屏東絡石)
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Trachelospermum lanyuense(蘭嶼絡石)
Trachelospermum laurifolium
Trachelospermum liukiuense
Trachelospermum longipedicellatum
Trachelospermum lucidum
Trachelospermum lucidum var. osmastoniana
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Trachelospermum majus(巨絡石)
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Trachelospermum navaillei
Trachelospermum ninhii
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Trachelospermum obtusifolium
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Trachelospermum philippinense
Trachelospermum philippinensis
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Trachelospermum rubrinerve
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Trachelospermum siamense
Trachelospermum slootenii
Trachelospermum stans
Trachelospermum suaveolens
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Trachelospermum tenax
Trachelospermum tetanocarpum
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Trachelospermum vanoverberghii
Trachelospermum verrucosa
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Trachelospermum wenchowense
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Trachelospermum yunnanense
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