粉紅公主百香果學名Passiflora edulis cv.,西番蓮科西番蓮屬多年生藤本植物,又稱粉公主百香果、苹可萊荻百香果,農業栽培種,莖蔓生,長約六公尺,莖圓柱形,有微線紋,幼莖有時近四稜形,草質,老時則多少呈木質化,分枝細長,葉腋有卷鬚,具纏繞性,單葉互生,葉圓卵形至掌狀,淺至深三裂,常掌狀三深裂,中間裂片卵形,兩側裂片卵狀長圓形,葉端短漸尖,裂葉之裂端漸尖或微鈍,葉基鈍、截狀、楔形、心形或微凹,葉緣或裂緣尖細鋸齒,有內彎腺,葉長六至十三公分,寬八至十三公分,近裂片缺彎基部有一、二枚杯狀小腺體,葉紙質,葉面濃綠、黃綠色,基出三至五脈,托葉線形或葉狀,葉柄長十五至二十公釐,葉柄近頂端有二枚腺體,杯狀,無毛,兩性花,聚繖花序退化成單生,腋生,花梗長四十至四十五公釐,有稜角,光滑無毛,具總苞,苞片三枚,包被於萼筒基部,闊卵形、卵形、菱形、心形,長約十至十二公釐,寬六、七公釐,先端鈍,邊緣有不規則細鋸齒,苞片淡黃綠、黃綠、綠色,花萼萼筒長約一至三公分,寬五至七公釐,先端五裂,裂片長橢圓形,外綠、黃綠色,內綠白色,背部先端帶一角狀、鳥喙狀尖突或附屬器,花冠輪形,輻射對稱,徑約四公分,花瓣五枚,偶無,披針形至長橢圓狀披針形,與萼片等長,花白色,基部紫紅色,先端鈍,副花冠淺杯狀,呈環狀排列,裂片四、五輪,外二輪絲狀,約與花瓣近等長,基部淡綠色,中部紫白色,內三輪窄三角形,褶狀,頂部具不規則短裂片,長約一公釐,花盤膜質,長約四公釐,雄蕊五枚,蕊柄長十至十二公釐,花絲綠色,離生,表面帶紫色斑點,基部合生,長五、六公釐,扁平,花藥橢圓形、長圓形,長五、六公釐,寬一、二公釐,淡黃綠色,雌蕊著生於雄蕊上,蕊柄長十至十二公釐,雌蕊心皮三至五枚,合生,花柱三至五枚,通常三枚,扁棒狀,基部微被短柔毛,離生,柱頭腎形、頭狀,寬約四至六公釐,先端三裂,子房倒卵形、卵形、橢圓形,長約八公釐,被短毛或光滑無毛,子房淺黃色,子房上位,子房一室,側膜胎座,漿果,長圓形、圓形、球形、卵形,徑約三、四公分,無毛,熟果淺紅、紅、橙紅色,有白色小斑點點綴,果皮硬而厚,內果皮白色,果肉甜而不酸,香氣濃郁,甜度高,種子黑色,扁桃形,表面坑洞狀。
百香果學名Passiflora edulis Sims.,英文名Passion Fruit、Purple Granadilla,西番蓮科西番蓮屬多年生藤本植物,又稱時計果、小時計果、時鐘果、雞蛋果、受難果、熱情果、愛情果、情人果、八香果、龍珠果、巴西果、西番果、西番蓮果、西番蓮、西蕃蓮、紫果西番蓮、大西番蓮、轉心蓮、美里瓜、苦悶之花、 洋石榴,原產於巴西,莖蔓生,長約六公尺,可達十公尺以上,莖圓柱形,有微線紋,幼莖有時近四稜形,草質,老時則多少呈木質化,光滑無毛,分枝細長,葉腋有卷鬚,具纏繞性,單葉互生,葉圓卵形至掌狀,淺至深三裂,常掌狀三深裂,中間裂片卵形,兩側裂片卵狀長圓形,端部短漸尖,裂葉之裂端漸尖或微鈍,基部鈍、截狀、楔形、心形或微凹,葉緣或裂緣尖細鋸齒,有內彎腺,葉長六至二十公分,寬八至二十二公分,近裂片缺彎基部有一、二枚杯狀小腺體,葉紙質,葉面濃綠、黃綠色,基出三至五脈,托葉線形或葉狀,葉柄長十五至二十公釐,葉柄近頂端有二枚腺體,杯狀,無毛,兩性花,聚繖花序,常退化成單生,腋生,花梗長四十至四十五公釐,有稜角,光滑無毛,具總苞,苞片三枚,包被於萼筒基部,闊卵形、卵形、菱形、心形,長約十至十二公釐,寬六、七公釐,先端鈍,邊緣有不規則細鋸齒,苞片淡黃綠、黃綠、綠色,花萼萼筒長約一至三公分,寬五至七公釐,先端五裂,裂片長橢圓形,外綠、黃綠色,內綠白色,背部先端帶一角狀、鳥喙狀尖突或附屬器,花冠輪形,輻射對稱,徑約四公分,花白色,基部紫紅色,檐部五裂,偶無,裂片(花瓣)披針形至長橢圓狀披針形,與萼片等長,先端鈍,副花冠淺杯狀,呈環狀排列,裂片四、五輪,外二輪絲狀,約與花瓣近等長,基部淡綠色,中部紫白色,內三輪窄三角形,褶狀,頂部具不規則短裂片,長約一公釐,花盤膜質,長約四公釐,雄蕊五枚,蕊柄長十至十二公釐,花絲綠色,離生,表面帶紫色斑點,基部合生,長五、六公釐,扁平,花藥橢圓形、長圓形,長五、六公釐,寬一、二公釐,淡黃綠色,雌蕊著生於雄蕊上,蕊柄長十至十二公釐,雌蕊心皮三至五枚,合生,花柱三至五枚,通常三枚,扁棒狀,基部微被短柔毛,離生,柱頭腎形、頭狀,寬約四至六公釐,先端三裂,子房倒卵形、卵形、橢圓形,長約八公釐,被短毛或光滑無毛,子房淺黃色,子房上位,子房一室,側膜胎座,漿果,長圓形、圓形、球形、卵形,徑約三、四公分,無毛,熟果紫、紅褐、鮮紅、黃、金黃...等色,果皮硬而厚,內果皮白色,假種皮白色或淡黃色,透明狀,包被種子,種子黑色,扁桃形,表面坑洞狀。
百香果(Passiflora edulis)常見之品種:
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Passiflora edulis(紫色種)
Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa(黃金百香果)
Passiflora edulis 'Frederick'
Passiflora edulis 'Nancy Garrison'
Passiflora edulis 'Possum Purple'
Passiflora edulis 'Purple Giant'
Passiflora edulis 'Tainung NO.1'(台農一號)
Passiflora edulis '?'(蜜糖百香果、滿天星百香果)
Passiflora edulis '?'(粉紅公主百香果、粉公主百香果)
Passiflora edulis '?'(蜜桃百香果)
Passiflora edulis '?'(紅蘋果百香果)
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西番蓮(Passiflora)屬常見之品種:
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Passiflora actinia(海葵西番蓮、海葵百香果)
Passiflora acuminata
Passiflora adenopoda
Passiflora alata(香蜜百香果)
Passiflora allantophylla
Passiflora alliacea
Passiflora amalocarpa
Passiflora ambigua
Passiflora amethystina
Passiflora amoena
Passiflora antioquiensis
Passiflora apetala
Passiflora apoda
Passiflora arbelaezii
Passiflora arborea
Passiflora arida
Passiflora aurantia
Passiflora auriculata
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Passiflora biflora(雙花西番蓮)
Passiflora bogotensis
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Passiflora cacao
Passiflora caerulea(藍花西番蓮)
Passiflora candida
Passiflora capsularis
Passiflora cerradensis
Passiflora ciliata
Passiflora cincinnata
Passiflora cinnabarina
Passiflora cirrhiflora
Passiflora citrina
Passiflora coccinea(=Passiflora miniata(洋紅西番蓮、紅花西番蓮)
Passiflora cochinchinensis
Passiflora colinvauxii
Passiflora contracta
Passiflora coriacea
Passiflora costata
Passiflora cupraea
Passiflora cuspidifolia
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Passiflora discophora
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Passiflora edmundoi
Passiflora edulis(百香果、西番蓮)
Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa(黃金百香果)
Passiflora eichleriana
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Passiflora foetida(毛西番蓮、小時計果、野百香果、龍珠果)
Passiflora foetida var. hispida(毛西番蓮)
Passiflora foetida var. tainaniana(台南毛西番蓮)
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Passiflora galbana
Passiflora gibertii
Passiflora glandulosa
Passiflora gracilis
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Passiflora haematostigma
Passiflora hahnii
Passiflora helleri
Passiflora herba
Passiflora herbertiana
Passiflora hexagonocarpa
Passiflora holosericea
Passiflora hyacinthiflora
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Passiflora incarnata(美國西番蓮)
Passiflora insignis
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Passiflora jatunsachensis
Passiflora jorullensis
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Passiflora kermesina
Passiflora kuranda
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Passiflora lancetillensis
Passiflora laurifolia(樟葉西番蓮)
Passiflora lehmannii
Passiflora leschenaultii
Passiflora ligularis(甜百香果、印尼百香果、峇里島百香果)
Passiflora loefgrenii
Passiflora lutea
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Passiflora macrophylla(大葉西番蓮、樹西番蓮)
Passiflora maliformis(蘋果狀西番蓮)
Passiflora manicata
Passiflora membranacea
Passiflora miersii
Passiflora miniata(=Passiflora coccinea)(洋紅西番蓮、紅花西番蓮)
Passiflora misera
Passiflora mixta
Passiflora mollissima(香蕉百香果西番蓮)
Passiflora moluccana
Passiflora mooreana
Passiflora morifolia(桑葉西番蓮)
Passiflora mucronata
Passiflora multiformis
Passiflora murucuja
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Passiflora nitida
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Passiflora organensis
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Passiflora pallens
Passiflora pardifolia
Passiflora parritae(帕羅堤)
Passiflora pectinata
Passiflora pedata
Passiflora perfoliata
Passiflora picturata
Passiflora pinnatistipula
Passiflora pittieri
Passiflora popenovii
Passiflora punctata
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Passiflora quadrangularis(大果西番蓮)
Passiflora quadriglandulosa
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Passiflora racemosa
Passiflora reflexiflora
Passiflora roseorum
Passiflora rovirosae
Passiflora rubra
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Passiflora sandrae
Passiflora sanguinolenta
Passiflora seeds
Passiflora seemannii
Passiflora serratifolia
Passiflora serratodigitata
Passiflora setacea
Passiflora sexflora
Passiflora sidaefolia
Passiflora smithii
Passiflora spinosa
Passiflora stipulata
Passiflora suberosa(三角葉西番蓮)
Passiflora subpeltata(白花西番蓮)
Passiflora subrotunda
Passiflora sumatrana
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Passiflora triloba
Passiflora tucumanensis
Passiflora tarapotina
Passiflora tarminiana
Passiflora telesiphe
Passiflora tetrandra
Passiflora timoriana
Passiflora trifasciata(三色西番蓮)
Passiflora trifoliata
Passiflora trinervia
Passiflora tripartita
Passiflora tuberosa
Passiflora tulae
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Passiflora umbilicata
Passiflora urbaniana
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Passiflora variolata
Passiflora venusta
Passiflora vesicaria
Passiflora vitifolia(艷紅西番蓮、洋紅西香蓮、葡萄葉西番蓮、紅西蕃蓮)
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Passiflora watsoniana
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Passiflora xishuangbannaensis
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Passiflora yucatanensis
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Passiflora × allardii
Passiflora × belottii
Passiflora × colvillii
Passiflora × decaisneana
Passiflora × exoniensis
Passiflora × kewensis
Passiflora × lawsoniana
Passiflora × violacea
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