虎紋小鳳梨

虎紋小鳳梨學名Cryptanthus zonatus (Vis.) Beer、Billbergia acaulis、Pholidophyllum zonatum fuscum、Tillandsia zonata，鳳梨科鳳梨(積水鳳梨)亞科小鳳梨(姬鳳梨、小型鳳梨、絨葉鳳梨、隱花鳳梨)屬多年生常綠草本植物，又稱環帶姬鳳梨、斑馬鳳梨、斑馬小鳳梨、地星鳳梨，原產於南美洲熱帶地區，有有栽培出數園藝品種，如： 'Elaine'、 'Fuscus'、 'Nivea'...等，姬鳳梨(Cryptanthus)品種之一，地生性，全株矮小，株高五至十公分，寬約一、二公分，地下部分具塊狀根莖，地上部分近無莖，基生葉，每簇具葉數枚，密集叢生，水平伸展，呈蓮座狀，排列略不整齊，葉長劍狀、條帶狀、長披針形、橢圓狀披針形，端部漸尖、銳尖，基部下延，抱合於短縮莖或根莖，葉緣波浪狀，有軟刺(細軟鋸齒)，葉長八至十公分，革質，堅硬，葉面綠、紅、褐紅、紫紅...色，有排列密集而整齊之虎斑狀橫斑紋，虎斑紋白、淺黃、土黃、灰綠、淺紅...等色，葉背偏淡色，平行脈，不明顯，無托葉，無葉柄，兩性花，總狀花序，頂生，自植株中央抽出，呈蓮座狀，花序單一，直立，無花梗，總苞片四枚，三角形，革質，苞片一般紅色，花被管狀，花白、綠白色，被片六枚，二輪，外輪花萼狀，三枚，宿存，內輪花瓣狀，三枚，分離或微聯合，雄蕊六枚，二輪，雌蕊心皮三枚，合生或離生，花柱一枚，頂生，柱頭三裂，子房上位或子房下位，子房聯合成三室，中軸胎座，每室具多枚倒生胚珠，胚乳粉狀，蒴果，聚合果(複合果)，是肉質多花果，筒狀圓錐形、橢圓形，未熟綠色，熟後轉黃、紅色，果肉黃、金、乳白色，種子有時具翅或具羽狀冠毛，胚小型，位於粉質胚乳中。

姬鳳梨(Cryptanthus)屬常見之園藝品種有：
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Cryptanthus acaulis(紫錦鳳梨、五彩姬鳳梨、姬鳳梨、小鳳梨、紫鳳梨、海星花)
Cryptanthus acaulis var. argenteus(銀白小鳳梨)
Cryptanthus acaulis var. ruber
Cryptanthus acaulis 'Roseus'(玫瑰紅葉姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus acaulis 'Ruber'(紫紅小鳳梨、暗紅姬鳳梨、紅姬鳳梨、紅葉姬鳳梨、紅葉小鳳梨)
Cryptanthus acaulis 'Rubra'(紫紅小鳳梨、暗紅姬鳳梨、紅姬鳳梨、紅葉姬鳳梨、紅葉小鳳梨)
Cryptanthus alagoanus
Cryptanthus arelii
Cryptanthus argyrophyllus
Cryptanthus aurantiacum
Cryptanthus aurantiacus
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Cryptanthus bahianus
Cryptanthus bahianus 'Blonde'(銅色姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus bahianus 'Green Form'
Cryptanthus bahianus 'Red Form
Cryptanthus beuckeri(小花姬鳳梨、長柄小鳳梨)
Cryptanthus beuckeri var. beuckeri(原變種)
Cryptanthus bibarrensis
Cryptanthus bivittatus(絨葉小鳳梨、雙帶姬鳳梨、矮性瑰紋星)
Cryptanthus bivittatus var. atropurpureus
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Minor'
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Black'
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Black Mystic'(虎紋絨葉鳳梨)
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Earth Star'
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Green-Star'
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Luddemanii'(大絨葉鳳梨、斑葉姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Majus'
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Minor'(玫紅絨葉小鳳梨、玫瑰姬鳳梨、矮玫瑰條紋明星)
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Pink'
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Pink Starlight'(粉絨小鳳梨)
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Pink Starlite'(紅邊鳳梨、粉紅星光小鳳梨、粉縞隱花鳳梨、絨斑姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Pinkstar'(粉紅星)
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Pinkstar Light'(縱縞姬鳳梨、斑紋鳳梨)
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Rose-stripe star'
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Ruby'(暗紅小鳳梨、紅葉姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus bivittatus 'Soft Touch'
Cryptanthus bivittafus 'Tricolor'(紅邊鳳梨)
Cryptanthus bromelioides(三色小鳳梨、三色姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus bromelioides var. tricolor
Cryptanthus bromelioides 'Red Form'
Cryptanthus bromelioides 'Tricolor'(三色姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus burle-marxii
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Cryptanthus capitatus
Cryptanthus caracensis
Cryptanthus caulescens
Cryptanthus colnagoi
Cryptanthus coriaceus
Cryptanthus correia-araujoi
Cryptanthus crassifolius
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Cryptanthus delicatus
Cryptanthus diamantinensis
Cryptanthus dianae
Cryptanthus diversifolius(異葉姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus dorothyae
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Cryptanthus exaltatus
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Cryptanthus farinosus
Cryptanthus felixii
Cryptanthus fernseeoides
Cryptanthus fosterianus(福斯特隱花鳳梨)
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Cryptanthus giganteus
Cryptanthus grace
Cryptanthus grazielae
Cryptanthus glaziovii
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Cryptanthus incrassatus
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Cryptanthus lacerdae
Cryptanthus lacerdae 'Menescal'(彌賽亞之星)
Cryptanthus latifolius
Cryptanthus lavrasensis
Cryptanthus leopoldo-horstii
Cryptanthus leuzingerae
Cryptanthus lutherianus
Cryptanthus lyman-smithii
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Cryptanthus marginatus(黑邊姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus maritimus
Cryptanthus meyeori
Cryptanthus mhescens 'Purple Heart'
Cryptanthus microglazioui
Cryptanthus minarum
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Cryptanthus odoratissimus
Cryptanthus osiris
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Cryptanthus pickelii
Cryptanthus praetextus
Cryptanthus pseudoglazioui
Cryptanthus pseudopetiolatus
Cryptanthus pseudoscaposus
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Cryptanthus regius
Cryptanthus reisii
Cryptanthus reptans
Cryptanthus roberto-kautskyi
Cryptanthus rubescens(小飛薊)
Cryptanthus ruthiae
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Cryptanthus sanctaluciae
Cryptanthus scaposus
Cryptanthus schwackeanus
Cryptanthus seidelianus
Cryptanthus sergipensis
Cryptanthus sinuosus(彎曲姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus sinuosus 'Cascade'
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Cryptanthus teretifolius
Cryptanthus tiradentesensis
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Cryptanthus ubairensis
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Cryptanthus various
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Cryptanthus warasii
Cryptanthus warren-loosei
Cryptanthus whitmanii
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Cryptanthus zonatus(環帶姬鳳梨、虎紋小鳳梨、斑馬鳳梨、斑馬小鳳梨、地星鳳梨)
Cryptanthus zonatus var. zonatus forma viridis hortus ex Mez
Cryptanthus zonatus var. zonatus forma fuscus (Visiani) Mez
Cryptanthus zonatus 'Elaine'(虎紋絨葉小鳳梨、虎紋絨葉沙鳳梨、伊萊恩鳳梨)
Cryptanthus zonatus 'Fuscus'(紅褐環帶姬鳳梨)
Cryptanthus zonatus 'Nivea'
Cryptanthus zonatus 'Zebrinus'(銀帶虎斑小鳳梨)
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Cryptanthus 'Acaulis Silver'
Cryptanthus 'Alberta'
Cryptanthus 'Alpine Frost'
Cryptanthus 'Alternating Current'
Cryptanthus 'Angel Dust'
Cryptanthus 'Arlety'
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Cryptanthus 'Betty Anne Prevatt'
Cryptanthus 'Black Babcock'
Cryptanthus 'Black Feathers'
Cryptanthus 'Black Mystic'
Cryptanthus 'Blake Babcock'
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Cryptanthus 'Cafe Au Lait'
Cryptanthus 'Chocolate Soldier'(三色小鳳梨)
Cryptanthus 'Chocolate Solider'
Cryptanthus 'Cinnabar'
Cryptanthus 'Cinnamon Stick'
Cryptanthus 'Circuit Breaker'
Cryptanthus 'Cutting Edge'
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Cryptanthus 'Dennis Cathcart'
Cryptanthus 'Diverse Pink'
Cryptanthus 'Double Fudge'
Cryptanthus 'Durrell'
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Cryptanthus 'Elaine'(伊萊恩)
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Cryptanthus 'Fire and Ice'
Cryptanthus 'Frostbite'
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Cryptanthus 'High Voltage'
Cryptanthus 'Hybrid'
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Cryptanthus 'Ice Age'
Cryptanthus 'It'
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Cryptanthus 'Le Rey'
Cryptanthus 'Lisa Vinzant'
Cryptanthus 'Little Bunniss'
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Cryptanthus 'Marian Oppenheimer'
Cryptanthus 'Mary Jo'
Cryptanthus 'Milk Chocolate'
Cryptanthus 'Miss Priss'
Cryptanthus 'Moonglow'
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Cryptanthus 'Nivea'
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Cryptanthus 'Ocean Mist'
Cryptanthus 'Osyanus'
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Cryptanthus 'Pale Skin'
Cryptanthus 'Peaches'
Cryptanthus 'Pink Edge'
Cryptanthus 'Pink Starlite'
Cryptanthus 'Pixie'
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Cryptanthus 'Racinae'
Cryptanthus 'Raspberry Ice'
Cryptanthus 'Red Blotchs'
Cryptanthus 'Red Star'
Cryptanthus 'Red Stries'
Cryptanthus 'Roman Candle'
Cryptanthus 'Ruby'
Cryptanthus 'Rumplestiltskin'
Cryptanthus 'Rusty Rose'
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Cryptanthus 'Sangria'
Cryptanthus 'Snake Skin'
Cryptanthus 'Spellbound'
Cryptanthus 'Soott Irvin'
Cryptanthus 'Starbright'
Cryptanthus 'Strawberries Flambe'
Cryptanthus 'Strawberry Home'
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Cryptanthus 'Tabasco'
Cryptanthus 'Ti'
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Cryptanthus 'Whisper'
Cryptanthus 'Witches Brew'
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鳳梨學名Bromeliaceae Juss.，鳳梨科多年生常綠草本植物，又稱菠蘿花，原產於美洲熱帶與亞熱帶地區，分布於熱帶雨林至沙漠區域，約分地生類、附生類、氣生類三大類，觀賞鳳梨泛指鳳梨科之觀賞植物，種類繁多，常宿根性，植株多含蛋白水解酶，有粘液道與針晶體，表皮細胞含硅質體，莖通常退化，多為短莖或無莖，具基生葉或莖生葉，基生葉簇生，常呈蓮座式排列，生於根莖上，莖生葉單葉互生，常密生，於短莖上形成葉叢，呈螺旋狀排列，有時散生於稍長之莖上，葉形變化大，葉線形、條形、帶狀、狹卵形、劍形、披針形、闊卵狀...等，端部圓鈍、微尖、銳尖、漸尖、尾尖、小突尖，基部通常延伸至短莖，全緣葉，有些具刺齒、刺狀鋸齒，葉形大小依品種而異，葉厚質，堅韌，通常近直立或彎曲、扭轉，表面常凹入，葉色多樣，濃綠、深綠、灰綠、翠綠、黃綠...等色，有雙色、複色、多色、斑紋等品種，端部、基部有時紅色或其他艷色，有些具光澤，具毛或無，有些具白粉，平行脈，多不明顯，常有盾狀具柄之鱗片，可吸收水分，有些品種基部具寬葉鞘而形成貯水器，無托葉，無葉柄，通常兩性花，稀單性花，整齊花或微不整齊、不規則，多數下位花、部分上位花或全部上位花，一般穗狀花序、總狀花序，有些會多枝再組合成複合穗狀花序、頭狀花序、圓錐花序，頂生，花莖從葉叢中央抽出，花序梗(花莖)長或短，無花梗或近無花梗，通常具艷色苞片，花生於苞片之內，花被幅形、碟形、管狀、長筒形、漏斗形、鐘形，輻射對稱或略不規則、不對稱，開展至閉合狀，花色多，花藍、青紫、紫、藍紫、紫紅、黃...等色或複色，被片六枚，二輪，外輪被片(花萼狀)三枚，分離或基部連合，覆瓦狀排列，宿存，內輪被片(花瓣狀)三枚，分離或連合呈管狀，覆瓦狀排列，基部邊緣常具一對密腺，有一對鱗片狀之附屬物，雄蕊六枚，生於花被管基部，二輪，分離、偶連合或相對附於分離之花被片上，花藥二室，縱裂，丁字形著生，花粉雙核，單溝、雙溝、雙孔或多孔，雌蕊心皮三枚，合生或離生，花柱一枚，細長，頂生，柱頭三裂，常潮濕，子房上位或子房下位，子房三室，中軸胎座，每室具多枚倒生胚珠，稀彎生胚珠，胚乳粉狀，厚珠心，蒴果，少數是莢果，常漿果狀，通常是聚合果(複合果)，是肉質多花果，筒狀圓錐形、橢圓形，呈松果狀，長可達三十公分以上，外殼常分成許多六邊形，每行中間尖狀，果皮未熟呈濃綠色，熟後轉黃、紅色，果肉黃、金、乳白色，中間包著有許多纖維之芯，通常具香氣，果頂長有冠芽，會長出叢生緊密之小葉片，種子有時具翅或具多數羽狀冠毛，胚小型，位於粉質胚乳中，胚乳豐富。

鳳梨(Bromeliaceae)科常見之屬別有：
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●Brocchinioideae：布洛鳳梨亞科
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●Bromelioideae：鳳梨(積水鳳梨)亞科
Acanthostachys(松球鳳梨屬、松毬鳳梨屬)
Aechmea(附生鳳梨屬、蜻蜓鳳梨屬、珊瑚鳳梨屬、尖萼鳳梨屬、光萼荷屬)
Ananas(鳳梨屬、觀果鳳梨屬、食用鳳梨屬)
Andrea(安氏鳳梨屬)
Androlepis(鱗蕊鳳梨屬)
Araeococcus(多穗鳳梨屬)
Billbergia(水塔花屬、筒鳳梨屬、紅筆鳳梨屬)
Bromelia(紅心鳳梨屬、模式鳳梨屬)
Canistropsis(擬心花鳳梨屬)
Canistrum(心花鳳梨屬)
Cryptanthus(姬鳳梨屬、小鳳梨屬、小型鳳梨屬、絨葉鳳梨屬、隱花鳳梨屬)
Deinacanthon(戴氏鳳梨屬)
Disteganthus(臥花鳳梨屬)
Edmundoa(埃氏鳳梨屬)
Eduandrea(安氏鳳梨屬)
Fascicularia(束花鳳梨屬)
Fernseea(費氏鳳梨屬)
Greigia(頭花鳳梨屬)
Hohenbergia(球花鳳梨屬)
Hohenbergiopsis(擬球花鳳梨屬)
Lymania(異多穗鳳梨屬)
Neoglaziovia(蘆狀鳳梨屬)
Neoregelia(彩葉鳳梨屬、五彩鳳梨屬)
Nidularium(鳥巢鳳梨屬)
Ochagavia(奧卡鳳梨屬)
Orthophytum(莪蘿鳳梨屬)
Portea(星果鳳梨屬)
Pseudaechmea(擬蜻蜓鳳梨屬)
Pseudananas(擬鳳梨屬)
Quesnelia(魁氏鳳梨屬、龜甲鳳梨屬)
Ronnbergia(倫貝鳳梨屬)
Streptocalyx(扭萼鳳梨屬)
Ursulaea(爾蘇鳳梨屬)
Wittrockia(韋氏鳳梨屬)
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●Hechtioideae：華燭之典亞科
Hechtia(銀葉鳳梨屬、華燭之典屬、刺齒鳳梨屬)
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●Lindmanioideae：光彩鳳梨亞科
Lindmania(光彩鳳梨屬)
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●Navioideae：納韋鳳梨亞科
Navia(納韋鳳梨屬)
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●Pitcairnioideae：皮氏鳳梨(沙漠鳳梨)亞科
Abromeitiella(亞菠蘿屬)
Ayensua(委內瑞拉鳳梨屬)
Brewcaria(布魯鳳梨屬)
Brocchinia(食蟲鳳梨屬、布洛鳳梨屬)
Connellia(點頭鳳梨屬)
Cottendorfia(卡田鳳梨屬)
Deuterocohnia(德氏鳳梨屬)
Dyckia(硬葉鳳梨屬)
Encholirium(大刺鳳梨屬、思口鳳梨屬)
Fosterella(伏氏鳳梨屬)
Pepinia(異翠鳳梨屬)
Pitcairnia(豔紅鳳梨屬、皮氏鳳梨屬)
Puya(普亞鳳梨屬、皇后鳳梨屬)
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●Puyoideae：皇后鳳梨亞科
Puya(皇后鳳梨屬)
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●Tillandsioideae：空氣鳳梨亞科
Alcantarea(帝王鳳梨屬)
Catopsis(嘉寶鳳梨屬)
Glomeropitcairnia(傘鳳梨屬)
Guzmania(果子蔓屬、果子蔓鳳梨屬、擎天鳳梨屬、姑氏鳳梨屬、彩紋鳳梨屬)
Mezobromelia(麥穗鳳梨屬)
Steyerbromelia(史氏菠蘿屬)
Racinaea(拉辛鳳梨屬)
Tillandsia(空氣鳳梨屬、花鳳梨屬、鐵蘭屬、木柄鳳梨屬)
Vriesea(鶯歌鳳梨屬、鶯哥鳳梨屬、鸚哥鳳梨屬、鸚鵡鳳梨屬、班氏鳳梨屬、麗穗鳳梨屬)
Werauhia(瓦奧鳳梨屬)
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