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2024年3月31日 星期日

側柏

側柏學名Thuja orientalis L.、Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco、Biota orientalis (L.) Endl.,英文名Chinese Arborvitae、Oriental Arborvitae,柏科側柏(崖柏)屬常綠喬木植物,又稱扁柏、香柏、崖柏、雲片柏、喜柏、黃心柏、柏樹、柏子樹、香樹、扁檜、扁松、片松、松蟠、竹板子,原產於中國北方,裸子植物,株高六至十二公尺,可達二十公尺,胸徑可達一公尺,幼樹樹冠卵狀尖塔形,老樹廣圓形,樹皮薄,樹皮淺灰、淡灰褐至紅褐色,縱裂,常裂成條片狀而脫落,枝條開展,大枝斜出,小枝排成平面,扁平,無白粉,排列呈複葉狀,側出,葉鱗片狀,緊貼於小枝上,葉扁平,鱗葉交互對生,排成四列,於小枝側面以覆瓦狀對生,長枝上之葉較疏,短枝之葉密緻覆疊,葉有二型:中央之葉與兩側之葉,中央葉與兩側葉互動對生,中央之葉倒卵狀菱形、倒卵狀斜方形,端部漸尖、銳尖,基部不下延生長,全緣葉,葉背面有腺槽,兩側之葉船形,兩者葉面綠色,葉背中部具腺槽,中肋於兩面凸起,近無葉脈,無托葉,無葉柄,毬花,單性花,雌雄同株,花單生,頂生,生於枝頂,花小不明顯,雄毬花黃色,雄毬花由互動對生之小孢子葉組成,每一小孢子葉生有三枚花粉囊,珠鱗與苞鱗完全愈合,具六對交互對生之雄蕊,花藥二至四室,雌毬花有四對交互對生之珠鱗,中間兩對珠鱗有胚珠一、二枚,毬果,闊卵形、近卵形、卵球形、橢圓形,徑十五至二十公釐,當年成熟,未熟時肉質性,成熟後木質化,外披粉末,近熟時果藍綠色,被白粉,熟時開裂,種鱗四對,種鱗薄,紅褐色,革質,木質性,熟時開裂,近扁平,近頂端(背上方)有彎曲鉤狀突起(反曲)之尖頭,中部以下之二、三對種鱗各具一、二枚種子,種子脫出,種子卵形、長卵形,長約四公釐,扁平,灰褐色,厚而無翅,兩側有稜脊,子葉二枚,發芽時出土。

「黃金側柏」與「側柏」差異判斷:黃金側柏植株較矮,樹形較像錐狀,鱗片葉較短些,新芽呈金黃色。

側柏(Thuja)屬常見之植物有:
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Thuja koraiensis(朝鮮崖柏)
Thuja koraiensis 'Glauca Prostrata'
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Thuja occidentalis(北美香柏、金鐘柏)
Thuja occidentalis 'American Pillar'
Thuja occidentalis 'Anna's Magic Ball'
Thuja occidentalis 'Art Boe'
Thuja occidentalis 'Beckman's Golden'
Thuja occidentalis 'Brobeck's Tower'
Thuja occidentalis 'Degroots Spire'
Thuja occidentalis 'Emerald Green'
Thuja occidentalis 'Ericoides'
Thuja occidentalis 'Europe Gold'(黃金麝香柏)
Thuja occidentalis 'Fire Chief'
Thuja occidentalis 'George Washington'
Thuja occidentalis 'Golden Globe'
Thuja occidentalis 'Hetz Midget'
Thuja occidentalis 'Holmstrup'
Thuja occidentalis 'Jantar'
Thuja occidentalis 'Linesville'
Thuja occidentalis 'Little Giant'
Thuja occidentalis 'Lutea'
Thuja occidentalis 'Mr. Bowling Ball'
Thuja occidentalis 'Nigra'
Thuja occidentalis 'Pyramidalis'
Thuja occidentalis 'Rheingold'(橘黃崖柏、金光絨柏)
Thuja occidentalis 'Sherwood Frost'
Thuja occidentalis 'Sienna Sunset'
Thuja occidentalis 'Smaragd'
Thuja occidentalis 'Snow Tip'
Thuja occidentalis 'Spiralis'
Thuja occidentalis 'Sunkist'
Thuja occidentalis 'Technito Globe'
Thuja occidentalis 'Techny'
Thuja occidentalis 'Teddy'
Thuja occidentalis 'Tiny Tim'
Thuja occidentalis 'Tom Thumb'
Thuja occidentalis 'Wansdyke Silver'
Thuja occidentalis 'Yellow Ribbon'
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Thuja orientalis(側柏、扁柏)
Thuja orientalis 'Aurea'(黃金側柏、灑金側柏、撒金側柏、灑金柏、黃頭柏)
Thuja orientalis 'Aurea Nana'(黃金側柏、灑金側柏、撒金側柏、灑金柏、黃頭柏)
Thuja orientalis 'Franky Boy'
Thuja orientalis 'Green Cone'
Thuja orientalis 'Morgan'
Thuja orientalis 'Semperaurescens'(黃金扁柏、金黃球柏)
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Thuja plicata(北美喬柏、紅崖柏木)
Thuja plicata 'Biltmore'
Thuja plicata 'Canadian Gold'
Thuja plicata 'Collyers Gold'
Thuja plicata 'De Rakt'
Thuja plicata 'Fastigiata'
Thuja plicata 'Golden Spire'
Thuja plicata 'Green Splendor'
Thuja plicata 'Hillieri'
Thuja plicata 'Spring Grove'
Thuja plicata 'Stoneham Gold'
Thuja plicata 'Sunshine'
Thuja plicata 'Whipcord'
Thuja plicata 'Zebrina'
Thuja plicata 'Zebrina Extra Gold'
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Thuja standishii(日本香柏、日本黑檜)
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Thuja sutchuenensis(崖柏)
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Thuja 'Green Giant'
Thuja 'Steeplechase'
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