歐洲莢蒾

歐洲莢蒾學名Viburnum opulus L.，五福花科莢蒾屬多年生落葉性灌木至小喬木植物，又稱歐洲瓊花、歐洲雪球，原產於歐洲、北非、中亞地區，株高四、五公尺，當年小枝有稜，無毛，有明顯凸起之皮孔，二年生小枝帶色或紅褐色，近圓柱形，老枝與莖幹暗灰色，樹皮質薄，非木栓質，常縱裂，冬芽卵圓形，有柄，無毛，有一對合生之外鱗片，內鱗片膜質，基部合生成筒狀，葉廓圓卵形、廣卵形、倒卵形，通常三裂，呈掌狀，側裂片略向外開展，裂片端漸尖，基部圓形、截形、淺心形，裂緣不整齊粗牙齒，位於小枝上部之葉常較狹長而不分裂，橢圓形至矩圓狀披針形，葉緣疏生波狀牙齒，或淺三裂而裂片全緣或近全緣，葉長六至十二公分，側裂片短，中裂片伸長，紙質，葉面翠綠至深綠色，無毛，掌狀脈，次脈羽狀，弧形，葉脈於表面凹下而於背面顯著隆起，托葉二枚，鑽形，葉柄粗壯，長一、二公分，無毛，有二至多枚之長盤形腺體，明顯，兩性花，週位花，整齊花，複繖形狀聚繖花序，頂生，生於枝端或側生短枝上，花序直徑五至十公分，總花梗粗壯，長二至五公分，無毛，第一級輻射枝六至八條，常七條，花生於第二至第三級輻射枝上，花序由兩種花組成，具花梗，不孕性花邊生，周圍不孕花大型，萼筒倒圓錐形，長約一公釐，萼齒三角形，無毛，花冠輻狀，直徑十三至二十五公釐，花白色，檐部四、五裂，大小稍不等，不等形，裂片(花瓣)近圓形、寬倒卵形，長約一公分，裂片與冠筒約等長，頂圓形，內被長柔毛，雄蕊五枚，長約十五公釐，伸出於花冠外，花藥黃白色，長不足一公釐，雌蕊心皮二至五枚，合生，花柱不存，柱頭二裂，核果，近圓形，徑八至十二公釐，熟時紅色，種子(核)一枚，近圓形，徑七至九公釐，扁平，灰白色，稍粗糙，無縱溝，胚直，胚乳堅實。

莢蒾屬原屬於忍冬科，依APG分類法，將忍冬科內之接骨木屬與莢蒾屬劃入五福花科。

莢蒾(Viburnum)屬常見之品種有：
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Viburnum acerifolium
Viburnum adenophorum
Viburnum amplificatum
Viburnum amplifolium
Viburnum amplifolium(廣葉莢蒾)
Viburnum annamensis
Viburnum arboreum
Viburnum atrocyaneum(藍黑果莢蒾)
Viburnum australe
Viburnum awabuki
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Viburnum beccarii
Viburnum betulifolium(樺葉莢蒾、玉山莢蒾)
Viburnum bitchiuense
Viburnum brachybotryum(短序莢蒾)
Viburnum bracteatum
Viburnum brevipes(短柄莢蒾)
Viburnum brevitubum(短筒莢蒾)
Viburnum buddleifolium(醉魚草狀莢蒾)
Viburnum burejaeticum(修枝莢蒾)
Viburnum burmanicum(滇緬莢蒾)
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Viburnum calvum
Viburnum carlesii
Viburnum cassinoides
Viburnum caudatum
Viburnum chingii(漾濞莢蒾)
Viburnum chinshanense(金佛山莢蒾)
Viburnum chunii(金腺莢蒾)
Viburnum cinnamomifolium(樟葉莢蒾)
Viburnum colebrookeanum
Viburnum congestum(密花莢蒾)
Viburnum coriaceum
Viburnum corylifolium
Viburnum corymbiflorum(傘房莢蒾、繖房莢蒾)
Viburnum costaricanum
Viburnum cotinifolium(黃櫨葉莢蒾)
Viburnum cylindricum(水紅木)
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Viburnum dalzielii(粵贛莢蒾)
Viburnum davidii(川西莢蒾)
Viburnum dilatatum
Viburnum dilatatum(莢蒾)
Viburnum discolor
Viburnum disjunctum
Viburnum divaricatum
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Viburnum edule
Viburnum elatum
Viburnum ellipticum
Viburnum erosum
Viburnum erosum(松田氏莢蒾、宜昌莢蒾，嚙蝕狀莢蒾)
Viburnum erubescens(紅莢蒾)
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Viburnum farreri Stearn
Viburnum farreri(香莢蒾)
Viburnum flavescens
Viburnum foetens
Viburnum foetidum(=Viburnum foetidum var. rectangulatum)
Viburnum furcatum var. melanophyllum(=Viburnum sympodiale)(假繡球、合軸莢蒾)
Viburnum foetidum var. rectangulatum(狹葉莢蒾、臭莢蒾、太平山莢迷、直角莢蒾)
Viburnum fordiae(南方莢蒾)
Viburnum formosanum(台中莢蒾)
Viburnum furcatum
Viburnum furcatum var. melanophyllum(=Viburnum sympodiale)(假繡球、合軸莢蒾)
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Viburnum garrettii
Viburnum glomeratum(聚花莢蒾)
Viburnum grandiflorum(大花莢蒾)
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Viburnum hainanense(海南莢蒾)
Viburnum hanceanum(蝶花莢蒾)
Viburnum hebanthum
Viburnum hengshanicum(衡山莢蒾)
Viburnum henryi(巴東莢蒾)
Viburnum hispidulum
Viburnum hondurense
Viburnum hupehense
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Viburnum ichangense
Viburnum inopinatum(厚絨莢蒾)
Viburnum integrifolium(玉山糯米樹、全葉莢蒾、狹葉糯米樹)
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Viburnum jamesonii
Viburnum japonicum(日本莢蒾)
Viburnum jucundum
Viburnum junghunii
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Viburnum kansuense(甘肅莢蒾)
Viburnum koreanum(朝鮮莢蒾)
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Viburnum lancifolium(披針葉莢蒾)
Viburnum lantana(綿毛莢蒾)
Viburnum lantanoides
Viburnum laterale(側花莢蒾)
Viburnum lautum
Viburnum leiocarpum(光果莢蒾)
Viburnum lentago
Viburnum lepidotulum
Viburnum lobophyllum
Viburnum loeseneri
Viburnum longipedunculatum(長梗莢蒾)
Viburnum longiradiatum(長傘梗莢蒾)
Viburnum lutescens(淡黃莢蒾)
Viburnum luzonicum(=Viburnum formosanum)(呂宋莢蒾)(紅子莢蒾併入)
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Viburnum macrocephalum(繡球莢蒾)
Viburnum maculatum
Viburnum melanocarpum(黑果莢蒾)
Viburnum melanophyllum
Viburnum molinae
Viburnum molle
Viburnum mongolicum(蒙古莢蒾)
Viburnum mortonianum
Viburnum mullaha(西域莢蒾)
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Viburnum nervosum(顯脈莢蒾)
Viburnum nudum
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Viburnum obovatum
Viburnum odoratissimum
Viburnum odoratissimum var. conspersum(=Viburnum arboricolum)(著生珊瑚樹)
Viburnum odoratissimum var. odoratissimum(珊瑚樹)
Viburnum oliganthum(少花莢蒾)
Viburnum omeiense(峨眉莢蒾)
Viburnum opulus(歐洲莢蒾)
Viburnum orientale
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Viburnum parvifolium(=Viburnum yamadai)(小葉莢蒾)
Viburnum phlebotrichum
Viburnum plicatum(粉團莢蒾、粉團)
Viburnum plicatum var. plicatum(原變種)(大手毬)
Viburnum plicatum var. formosanum(台灣蝴蝶戲珠花、台灣蝴蝶花)
Viburnum plicatum(粉團)
Viburnum propinquum(高山莢蒾、球核莢蒾)
Viburnum prunifolium
Viburnum punctatum(鱗斑莢蒾)
Viburnum pyramidatum(錐序莢蒾)
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Viburnum rafinesquianum
Viburnum recognitum
Viburnum rhytidophyllum(皺葉莢蒾)
Viburnum rigidum
Viburnum rufidulum
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Viburnum sambucinum
Viburnum sargentii(天目瓊花)
Viburnum schensianum(陝西莢蒾)
Viburnum sempervirens(常綠莢蒾)
Viburnum setigerum(茶莢蒾)
Viburnum shweliense(瑞麗莢蒾)
Viburnum sieboldii
Viburnum squamulosum(瑤山莢蒾)
Viburnum stellato-tomentosum
Viburnum stenocalyx
Viburnum subalpinum(亞高山莢蒾)
Viburnum subpubescens
Viburnum sulcatum
Viburnum suspensum(=Viburnum taitoense)(長筒莢蒾、台東莢蒾)
Viburnum sympodiale
Viburnum sympodiale(合軸莢蒾)
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Viburnum taitoense(台東莢蒾)
Viburnum taiwanianum
Viburnum tashiroi
Viburnum tengyuehense(騰越莢蒾)
Viburnum ternatum(三葉莢蒾)
Viburnum tinus
Viburnum toronis
Viburnum trabeculosum(橫脈莢蒾)
Viburnum treleasei
Viburnum tridentatum
Viburnum trilobum
Viburnum triphyllum
Viburnum triplinerve(三脈葉莢蒾)
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Viburnum urceolatum
Viburnum urceolatum(壺花莢蒾、台灣高山莢蒾)
Viburnum utile(煙管莢蒾)
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Viburnum veitchii
Viburnum venosum
Viburnum vernicosum
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Viburnum wrightii(浙皖莢蒾)
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Viburnum yunnanense(雲南莢蒾)
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