天竺葵

天竺葵學名Pelargonium L'Hér.，英文名Fish Geranium、Zonal Geranium、House Geranium、Horseshoe Geranium，牻牛兒苗科天竺葵屬多年生亞灌木或草本植物，又稱洋繡球、洋葵、石臘紅、入臘紅、日爛紅、月月紅、懶人花、臭葉海棠，原產於非洲南部，株高三十至六十公分，全株被細毛與腺毛，具獨特魚腥味，莖直立或呈匍匐狀，幼株莖肉質，老株基部木質化或半木質化，多分枝或不分枝，密被短柔毛， 具明顯之節，單葉，通常互生，亦有對生，葉圓形、腎形、扇形、掌狀淺裂、羽狀淺裂，端部圓鈍狀，基部鈍或心形，葉緣波浪狀或不規則鋸齒，葉面墨綠、翠綠、綠、灰綠、黃綠、黃色，有培育出雙色、多色或斑葉品種，常有深淺紋路或暗紅色馬蹄形環紋，兩面被透明短柔毛或無，掌狀脈或羽狀脈，常具托葉二枚，長葉柄，兩性花，繖形花序、繖房花序，或聚集成假繖形花序狀，頂生或腋生，具花多枚，總花梗長，長於葉，被短柔毛，直立、斜昇或懸垂，花梗長三、四公分，被柔毛與腺毛，芽期下垂，花期直立，總苞片數枚，寬卵形，花萼筒狀，萼片五枚，基部合生，狹披針形，長八至十公釐， 外面密腺毛與長柔毛，具距，覆瓦狀排列，花萼宿存，花冠星狀至漏斗狀，放射對稱或左右對稱，花白、粉紅、紅、橘紅、桃紅、紫、紫黑...等色，有單瓣或重瓣之分，單瓣花花瓣五枚，寬倒卵形，長十二至十五公釐，寬六至八公釐，邊緣平滑或呈波浪狀，先端圓形，基部具短爪，下方三枚通常較大，覆瓦狀排列，可孕雄蕊十枚，二輪，花絲基部合生，其中外輪不孕雄蕊無花藥或退化，一至三枚，著生於內輪花絲基部，雌蕊心皮五枚，合生，子房密被短柔毛，子房上位，子房五室，中軸胎座，蒴果，卵形，長約三公分， 被柔毛，果瓣喙頂合生，熟果五瓣開裂，果瓣基部向上捲曲，彈出種子。

天竺葵(Pelargonium)常見之園藝品種有：
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Pelargonium abrotanifolium(青蒿葉天竺葵)
Pelargonium auritum
Pelargonium alchemilloides(羽衣草葉天竺葵)
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Pelargonium capitatum(頭狀天竺葵、花頭天竺葵、芳香天竺葵、香葉草、橡葉天竺葵、玫瑰天竺葵)
Pelargonium capitatum 'Attar of Roses'
Pelargonium capitatum 'True Rose'
Pelargonium carnosum(枯野葵、青羅摩佛)
Pelargonium citronellum
Pelargonium citronellum 'Mabel Gray'
Pelargonium citrosum(防蚊樹、防蚊草、驅蚊香草、防蚊香草)
Pelargonium citrosum 'Orange'
Pelargonium citrosum 'Van Leenii'
Pelargonium cortusaefolium
Pelargonium cotyledonis
Pelargonium crispum(檸檬香葉天竺葵)
Pelargonium crispum 'Angeleyes Bi-color'
Pelargonium crispum 'French Lace'
Pelargonium crispum 'Lemon'
Pelargonium cucullatum(樹天竺葵)
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Pelargonium echinatum(刺天竺葵)
Pelargonium endlicherianum
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Pelargonium fragrans
Pelargonium fragrans 'Golden nutmeg'
Pelargonium fragrans 'Logees'
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Pelargonium geraniaceae
Pelargonium gibbosum(枝幹洋葵)
Pelargonium graveolens(香葉天竺葵)
Pelargonium graveolens 'Arucana'
Pelargonium graveolens 'Blands musk'
Pelargonium graveolens 'Mystery'
Pelargonium graveolens 'Old Fashioned Rose'
Pelargonium graveolens 'Rober's Lemon Rose'
Pelargonium graveolens 'Variegata'(斑葉香葉天竺葵)
Pelargonium grossularioides
Pelargonium grossularioides 'Coconut'
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Pelargonium ionidiflorum
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Pelargonium klinghardtense(奇連克洋葵)
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Pelargonium melissinum
Pelargonium multicaule(多莖天竺葵)
Pelargonium myrrhifolium(沒藥葉天竺葵)
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Pelargonium nervosum
Pelargonium nervosum 'Lime'
Pelargonium nervosum 'Torento'
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Pelargonium odoratissimum(蘋果天竺葵)
Pelargonium odoratissimum 'Apple'
Pelargonium odoratissimum 'Rose'
Pelargonium odoratissimum 'The Big Apple'
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Pelargonium peltatum(蔓性天竺葵、常春藤葉天竺葵)
Pelargonium peltatum 'Angel Eyes Burgundy'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Atlantic Burgundy'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Balcon Royale'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Black Magic'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Black Magic Geranium'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Blizzard Dark Red'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Crocodile'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Desrumeaux'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Fir Trees Big Show'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Global Sangria'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Mexicana'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Purple Blizzard'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Sofie Cascade'
Pelargonium peltatum 'Taj Mahal'
Pelargonium peltatum 'White Mesh'
Pelargonium praemorsum
Pelargonium punctatum
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Pelargonium quercifolium(橡葉天竺葵、櫟葉天竺葵)
Pelargonium quercifolium 'Fair Ellen'
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Pelargonium radens
Pelargonium radens 'Dr. Livingston'
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Pelargonium scabrum(杏果天竺葵)
Pelargonium sidoides(狹花天竺葵)
Pelargonium sidoides 'Umckaloabo'
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Pelargonium tetragonum(桃蝶木)
Pelargonium tomentosum(岬角薄荷天竺葵)
Pelargonium tomentosum 'Chocolate'
Pelargonium tomentosum 'Chocolate Mint'
Pelargonium torento(香葉型天竺葵)
Pelargonium tricolor
Pelargonium triste(齊斯特洋葵)
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Pelargonium vitifolium(葡萄天竺葵)
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Pelargonium zonale(馬蹄紋天竺葵)
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Pelargonium × ardens
Pelargonium × asperum(玫瑰天竺葵)
Pelargonium × citrosum
Pelargonium × citrosum 'Prince of Orange'
Pelargonium × domesticum
Pelargonium × domesticum 'Elegance Purple
Pelargonium × domesticum 'Empress of Russia'
Pelargonium × domesticum 'Gardener's Joy'
Pelargonium × domesticum 'Imperial'
Pelargonium × domesticum 'Sarah Don'
Pelargonium × domesticum 'Sienna'
Pelargonium × domesticum 'Turkish Coffee'
Pelargonium × fragrans(薰衣草天竺葵)
Pelargonium × fragrans 'Cook's Apple Cider's Apple Cider'
Pelargonium × fragrans 'Golden Nutmeg'
Pelargonium × fragrans 'Logeei'
Pelargonium × fragrans 'Nutmeg'
Pelargonium × fragrans 'Snowy Nutmeg'
Pelargonium × fragrans 'Variegatum'
Pelargonium × hortorum(星光天竺葵、馬蹄紋天竺葵、洋葵)
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Allure Picotee Pink'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Americana Light Pink Splash'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Americana White 09'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Baroness'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Black Velvet'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Black Velvet Rose'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Bullseye Scarlet'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Cherry
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Crystal Palace Gem'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Designer Bright'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Designer White'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Fantasia White'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Frank Headley'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'French Vanilla'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Golden Chalice'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Golden Harry Hieover'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Indian Dunes'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Mr. Henry Cox'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Mr. Wren'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Mrs. Henry Cox'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Mrs. Pollock'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Occold Shield'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Paint Box'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Patriot Bright Red'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Patriot White'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Pebbles'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Persian Queen'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Pink Happy'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Pink Rosebud'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Red Black Vesuvius'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Red Happy'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Rocky Mountain White'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Scottow
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Scottow Sparkler'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Skies of Italy'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Sparks'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Sunspot'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Tango Neon Purple'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Tricolor'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Vancouver'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Vancouver Centennial'(楓葉天竺葵)
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Velma Cox'
Pelargonium × hortorum 'Wilhelm Langguth'
Pelargonium × hybrid 'Apricot'
Pelargonium × nervosum
Pelargonium × scarboroviae(草莓天竺葵)
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Pelargonium 'Arava'(阿拉瓦)
Pelargonium 'Ardwick Cinnamon'
Pelargonium 'Atomic Snowflake'
Pelargonium 'BubbleGum'(口香糖)
Pelargonium 'Candy Dancer'
Pelargonium 'Charity'
Pelargonium 'Chocolate'
Pelargonium 'Cinnamon'
Pelargonium 'Citronella'
Pelargonium 'Concolor Lace'
Pelargonium 'Designer Grape'(葡萄設計師)
Pelargonium 'Distinction'
Pelargonium 'Dronning Ingrid'
Pelargonium 'Fantasia'(幻想曲)
Pelargonium 'Frensham Lemon'
Pelargonium 'Jana'(賈納)
Pelargonium 'Lady Mary'
Pelargonium 'Lady Plymouth'
Pelargonium 'Lemon Fancy'
Pelargonium 'Lemon Meringue'
Pelargonium 'Kavushan'
Pelargonium 'Maverick White Pelargonium'(迷途白)
Pelargonium 'Mabel Grey'
Pelargonium 'Meloda'(美洛多)
Pelargonium 'Mint Rose'
Pelargonium 'Old Scarlet Unique'
Pelargonium 'Orsett'
Pelargonium 'Pungent Peppermint'
Pelargonium 'Purpurball 2 Penbal'(紫球二˙佩巴爾)
Pelargonium 'Raspberry Ripple'
Pelargonium 'Roger's Delight'
Pelargonium 'Samba'(薩姆巴)
Pelargonium 'Sweet Miriam'
Pelargonium 'TangoViolet'(探戈紫)
Pelargonium 'True Love'(真愛)
Pelargonium 'True Rose'
Pelargonium 'Turkish Delight'
Pelargonium 'Velvet Red and White'
Pelargonium 'Wilhelm Langguth'
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