橘擎天鳳梨

橘擎天鳳梨學名Guzmania 'Orangeade'..等，鳳梨科空氣鳳梨(鐵蘭)亞科擎天鳳梨(果子蔓、果子蔓鳳梨、姑氏鳳梨、彩紋鳳梨、星花鳳梨)屬多年生草本植物，園藝栽培種，擎天鳳梨(Guzmania)品種之一，橘色花品種之通稱，非指單一品種，地生類，宿根性，植株矮叢狀，株高約二十至五十公分，短莖，莖綠、灰綠色，單葉互生，葉呈扭曲狀、螺旋狀、蓮座狀、漏斗狀排列，葉長劍狀，端部銳尖狀，基部延伸，抱合於短縮莖上，全緣葉，葉革質，表皮厚，葉面濃綠、翠綠、深綠色，有光澤，平行脈，不明顯，無托葉，無葉柄，兩性花，下位花，穗狀花序、總狀花序，再組合成複合穗狀花序，頂生，花序單一，花莖從葉叢中央抽出，花莖多伸出葉叢外，直立，無花梗或近無花梗，，苞片橘色，花生於苞片之內，花被管狀、長筒形，輻射對稱或略不規則、不對稱，一般閉合狀或微張開，花黃至白色，被片六枚，二輪，外輪被片(花萼狀)三枚，分離或基部連合，覆瓦狀排列，宿存，內輪被片(花瓣狀)三枚，分離或連合呈管狀，覆瓦狀排列，基部邊緣常具一對鱗片狀之附屬物(密腺)，雄蕊六枚，花期伸出，生於花被管基部，二輪，蕊柱藍紫色，花藥二室，縱裂，丁字形著生，雌蕊心皮三枚，合生或離生，花柱一枚，線狀，細長，頂生，柱頭三裂，子房肉質，子房下位，子房三室，中軸胎座，每室具多枚倒生胚珠，胚乳粉狀，厚珠心，蒴果，漿果狀，聚合果(複合果、假果、多花果)，由肥厚且肉質之中軸、肉質苞片與螺旋排列之不發育子房組成，球狀體、筒狀圓錐形、橢圓形、松果狀，熟時黃、紅色，具香氣，果頂長有冠芽，種子多數，具翅或具多數羽狀冠毛，胚小型，位於粉質胚乳中，胚乳豐富，胚乳粉狀。

擎天鳳梨學名Guzmania Ruiz & Pav.、Caraguata Lindl.、Chirripoa Suess.、Devillea Bertero ex Schult. & Schult. f.、Massangea É. Morren、Schlumbergera E. Morren、Schlumbergeria É.Morren、Sodiroa Andrews、Thecophyllum André，鳳梨科空氣鳳梨(鐵蘭)亞科擎天鳳梨(果子蔓、果子蔓鳳梨、姑氏鳳梨、彩紋鳳梨、星花鳳梨)屬多年生草本植物，又稱西洋鳳梨、姑鳳梨、姑氏鳳梨、彩紋鳳梨、星花鳳梨、果子蔓鳳梨、果子蔓，原產於中南美洲熱帶與亞熱帶地區，多園藝栽培種，地生類，宿根性，植株矮叢狀，株高約二十至五十公分，短莖，莖綠、灰綠色，單葉互生，葉呈扭曲狀、螺旋狀、蓮座狀、漏斗狀排列，葉長劍狀，端部銳尖狀，基部延伸，抱合於短縮莖上，全緣葉，葉大小依品種而異，葉革質，表皮厚，葉面濃綠、翠綠、深綠、灰綠、黃綠...等色，有雙色、複色、斑紋...等品種，有些具光澤或被白粉，具毛或無，平行脈，不明顯，無托葉，無葉柄，兩性花，下位花，穗狀花序、總狀花序，再組合成複合穗狀花序，頂生，花序單一，花莖從葉叢中央抽出，花莖多伸出葉叢外，直立，無花梗或近無花梗，苞片紅、粉紅、橙紅、紫、黃、白...等色，花生於苞片之內，花被管狀、長筒形，輻射對稱或略不規則、不對稱，一般閉合狀或微張開，花白至黃色，被片六枚，二輪，外輪被片(花萼狀)三枚，分離或基部連合，覆瓦狀排列，宿存，內輪被片(花瓣狀)三枚，分離或連合呈管狀，覆瓦狀排列，基部邊緣常具一對鱗片狀之附屬物(密腺)，雄蕊六枚，花期伸出，生於花被管基部，二輪，蕊柱藍紫色，花藥二室，縱裂，丁字形著生，雌蕊心皮三枚，合生或離生，花柱一枚，線狀，細長，頂生，柱頭三裂，子房肉質，子房下位，子房三室，中軸胎座，每室具多枚倒生胚珠，胚乳粉狀，厚珠心，蒴果，漿果狀，聚合果(複合果、假果、多花果)，由肥厚且肉質之中軸、肉質苞片與螺旋排列之不發育子房組成，球狀體、筒狀圓錐形、橢圓形、松果狀，熟時黃、紅色，具香氣，果頂長有冠芽，種子多數，具翅或具多數羽狀冠毛，胚小型，位於粉質胚乳中，胚乳豐富，胚乳粉狀。

擎天鳳梨(Guzmania)屬常見園藝品種有：
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Guzmania acorifolia
Guzmania acuminata
Guzmania acutispica
Guzmania adscendens
Guzmania aequatorialis
Guzmania albescens
Guzmania alborosea
Guzmania alcantareoides
Guzmania alliodora
Guzmania altsonii
Guzmania amoena
Guzmania amplectens
Guzmania andreana
Guzmania andreettae
Guzmania angustifolia
Guzmania angustifolia
Guzmania apiculata
Guzmania armeniaca
Guzmania asplundii
Guzmania atrocastanea
Guzmania attenuata
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Guzmania bakeri
Guzmania barbieae
Guzmania barbiei
Guzmania bergae
Guzmania bergii
Guzmania berteroana
Guzmania berteroniana
Guzmania besseae
Guzmania betancurii
Guzmania bicolor
Guzmania bipartita
Guzmania bismarckii
Guzmania bismarkii
Guzmania blassii
Guzmania brackeana
Guzmania bracteosa
Guzmania brasiliensis
Guzmania breviscapa
Guzmania brevispatha
Guzmania butcheri
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Guzmania cabrerae
Guzmania calamifolia
Guzmania calothyrsus
Guzmania canardii
Guzmania candelabrum
Guzmania caricifolia
Guzmania cerrohoyaensis
Guzmania cinnabarina
Guzmania circinnata
Guzmania claviformis
Guzmania comosa
Guzmania compacta
Guzmania condensata
Guzmania condorensis
Guzmania confinis
Guzmania confusa
Guzmania conglomerata
Guzmania conifera(圓錐擎天、火炬鳳梨、火炬星花風梨、圓錐果子蔓、咪頭)
Guzmania coriostachya
Guzmania corniculata
Guzmania cuatrecasasii
Guzmania cuzcoensis
Guzmania cylindrica
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Guzmania dalstroemii
Guzmania dalstromii
Guzmania danielii
Guzmania darienensis
Guzmania delicatula
Guzmania densiflora
Guzmania densispica
Guzmania desautelsii
Guzmania devansayana
Guzmania diazii
Guzmania diffusa
Guzmania dissitiflora(小炮仗星、金頂鳳梨、如意風梨)
Guzmania donnellsmithii
Guzmania dudleyi
Guzmania dussii
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Guzmania ecuadorensis
Guzmania eduardi
Guzmania ekmanii
Guzmania elvallensis
Guzmania erythrolepis
Guzmania exertisepala
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Guzmania farciminiformis
Guzmania fawcettii
Guzmania ferruginea
Guzmania filiorum
Guzmania flagellata
Guzmania foetida
Guzmania formosa
Guzmania fosteriana
Guzmania fuerstenbergiana
Guzmania fuquae
Guzmania fuscispica
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Guzmania garciaensis
Guzmania glaucophylla
Guzmania globosa
Guzmania glomerata
Guzmania gloriosa
Guzmania goudotiana
Guzmania gracilior
Guzmania gracilis
Guzmania graminifolia
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Guzmania harlingii
Guzmania hedychioides
Guzmania henniae
Guzmania herrerae
Guzmania hirtzii
Guzmania hitchcockiana
Guzmania hollinense
Guzmania hollinensis
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Guzmania inexpectata
Guzmania inkaterrae
Guzmania izkoi
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Guzmania jaramilloi
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Guzmania kalbreyeri
Guzmania kareniae
Guzmania kennedyi
Guzmania kentii
Guzmania killipiana
Guzmania kraenzliniana
Guzmania kressii
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Guzmania laeta
Guzmania lehmanniana
Guzmania lemeana
Guzmania leonard-kentiana
Guzmania lepidota
Guzmania lindenii(環帶果子蔓)
Guzmania lingulata(星花鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata var. cardinalis(鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata var. magnifica(火輪鳳梨、秀美果子蔓、火冠鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata var. mimor 'variegata'(斑葉小紅星)
Guzmania lingulata var. minor(小玫紅果子蔓)
Guzmania lingulata var. minor 'Rondo'(若斗小紅星)
Guzmania lingulata var. vardinalis(紫紅星花鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata 'Amaranth'(紫擎天鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata 'Cherry'(橙星鳳梨、橙擎天鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata 'Fortuna'
Guzmania lingulata 'Intro'(印多紫星)
Guzmania lingulata 'Major'(猩紅明星)
Guzmania lingalata 'Major Mez.'(黃玉星)
Guzmania lingulata 'Mini Alexa'
Guzmania lingulata 'Mt. Blanc'
Guzmania lingulata 'Superb'(花葉垂花果子蔓)
Guzmania lingulata 'Variegated'(斑葉星花鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata 'Yellow'(黃擎天鳳梨、黃星鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata(星花鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata var. cardinalis(暗紅姑氏鳳梨)
Guzmania lingulata
Guzmania litaensis
Guzmania loeflingiana
Guzmania longibracteata
Guzmania longipetala
Guzmania loraxiana
Guzmania lychnis
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Guzmania macropoda
Guzmania madisonii
Guzmania magnifica(火輪鳳梨)
Guzmania manzanaresiorum
Guzmania marantoidea
Guzmania megastachya
Guzmania melinoki
Guzmania melinonii
Guzmania melinonis(紅指果子蔓)
Guzmania membranacea
Guzmania mitis
Guzmania monostachia(白花星花鳳梨)
Guzmania monostachia var. variegata
Guzmania monostachya
Guzmania morreniana
Guzmania mosquerae
Guzmania mubicola
Guzmania mucronata
Guzmania multiflora
Guzmania musaica(黃苞球鳳梨)
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Guzmania nangaritzae
Guzmania nicaraguensis
Guzmania nidularioides
Guzmania ninor(小舌鳳梨)
Guzmania nubicola
Guzmania nubigena
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Guzmania omarmorobe
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Guzmania rhonhoffiana
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Guzmania obtusiloba
Guzmania ocellata
Guzmania oligantha
Guzmania osyana
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Guzmania pallida
Guzmania palustris
Guzmania panamensis
Guzmania paniculata
Guzmania pattersoniae
Guzmania patula
Guzmania pearcei
Guzmania pennellii
Guzmania plicatifolia
Guzmania plumieri
Guzmania polycephala
Guzmania poortmanii
Guzmania pseudodissitiflora
Guzmania pseudospectabilis
Guzmania pungens
Guzmania puyoensis
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Guzmania radiata
Guzmania rauhiana
Guzmania regalis
Guzmania remediosensis
Guzmania remyi
Guzmania retusa
Guzmania rhonhofiana
Guzmania roezlii
Guzmania roseiflora
Guzmania rubrolutea
Guzmania rugosa
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Guzmania sanguinea(紅葉星花鳳梨)
Guzmania sanguinea 'Variegata'
Guzmania scandens
Guzmania sceptrum
Guzmania scherzeriana
Guzmania septata
Guzmania sibundoyorum
Guzmania sieffiana
Guzmania skotakii
Guzmania sneidernii
Guzmania spectabilis
Guzmania sphaeroidea
Guzmania sprucei
Guzmania squarrosa
Guzmania stenostachya
Guzmania steyermarkii
Guzmania straminea
Guzmania striata
Guzmania stricta
Guzmania strobilantha
Guzmania subcorymbosa
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Guzmania tarapotina
Guzmania tenuifolia
Guzmania terrestris
Guzmania testudinis
Guzmania teucamae
Guzmania teuscheri
Guzmania triangularis
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Guzmania undulatobracteata
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Guzmania van-volxemii
Guzmania variegata
Guzmania ventricosa
Guzmania verecunda
Guzmania victoriae
Guzmania vinacea
Guzmania virescens
Guzmania viridiflora
Guzmania vittata(橫紋星花鳳梨)
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Guzmania weberbaueri Mez
Guzmania werfii
Guzmania wittmackii(大擎天鳳梨、維特果子蔓)
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Guzmania xanthobractea
Guzmania xipholepis
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Guzmania zahnii(紅葉黃金星)
Guzmania zakii
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Guzmania × magnifica(紅星果子蔓)
Guzmania × magnifica 'Fire Crown Seriata'(斑葉紅星)
Guzmania lingulata × Guzmania wittmackii
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Guzmania '16 species'
Guzmania 'Amaranth'(莧紫果子蔓)
Guzmania 'Amethyst'(花葉莧紫果子蔓)
Guzmania 'Amethyst Variegata'(斑葉紫星)
Guzmania 'Celina'
Guzmania 'Cherry'(櫻桃星)
Guzmania 'Claret'(克蘭氏深紅星)
Guzmania 'Cultivars'
Guzmania 'Denise'(丹尼斯擎天鳳梨)
Guzmania 'Empire'
Guzmania 'Encore'
Guzmania 'Fiesta Variegata'
Guzmania 'Fiesta'
Guzmania 'Gemma'(如意鳳梨)
Guzmania 'Golden King albomarginata'
Guzmania 'Graaf Van Hoom'
Guzmania 'Graf'
Guzmania 'Grand Prix'
Guzmania 'Hilda'
Guzmania 'Hilde'(大黃星)
Guzmania 'Kapoho Fire'
Guzmania 'Lambada'(拉姆巴達星、大炮仗星)
Guzmania 'Li Zui'(麗醉果子蔓)
Guzmania 'Lipstick'
Guzmania 'Loja'(露嘉星)
Guzmania 'Luna'
Guzmania 'Magnifica'(紅杯鳳梨)
Guzmania 'Marina'
Guzmania 'Marjan'
Guzmania 'Moonlight'
Guzmania 'Neon'(尼奧果子蔓)
Guzmania 'Orangeade'(橙星)
Guzmania 'Passion'
Guzmania 'Pax'(狹葉黃星)
Guzmania 'Puna Gold'
Guzmania 'Rana'
Guzmania 'Red Flower'(紅花果子蔓)
Guzmania 'Samba'(彩虹果子蔓)
Guzmania 'Sir Albert'
Guzmania 'Snowball'
Guzmania 'Soledo'
Guzmania 'Sunnytime'(黃星)
Guzmania 'Sunstar'(斑葉太陽星)
Guzmania 'Torch'(火炬果子蔓)
Guzmania 'Tutti Frutti'(大富星)
Guzmania 'Victorie'(勝利星)
Guzmania 'Voila'
Guzmania 'White Flower'(白花果子蔓)
Guzmania 'Yellow Flower'(黃花果子蔓)
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鳳梨學名Bromeliaceae Juss.，鳳梨科多年生常綠草本植物，又稱菠蘿花，原產於美洲熱帶與亞熱帶地區，分布於熱帶雨林至沙漠區域，約分地生類、附生類、氣生類三大類，觀賞鳳梨泛指鳳梨科之觀賞植物，種類繁多，常宿根性，植株多含蛋白水解酶，有粘液道與針晶體，表皮細胞含硅質體，莖通常退化，多為短莖或無莖，具基生葉或莖生葉，基生葉簇生，常呈蓮座式排列，生於根莖上，莖生葉單葉互生，常密生，於短莖上形成葉叢，呈螺旋狀排列，有時散生於稍長之莖上，葉形變化大，葉線形、條形、帶狀、狹卵形、劍形、披針形、闊卵狀...等，端部圓鈍、微尖、銳尖、漸尖、尾尖、小突尖，基部通常延伸至短莖，全緣葉，有些具刺齒、刺狀鋸齒，葉形大小依品種而異，葉厚質，堅韌，通常近直立或彎曲、扭轉，表面常凹入，葉色多樣，濃綠、深綠、灰綠、翠綠、黃綠...等色，有雙色、複色、多色、斑紋等品種，端部、基部有時紅色或其他艷色，有些具光澤，具毛或無，有些具白粉，平行脈，多不明顯，常有盾狀具柄之鱗片，可吸收水分，有些品種基部具寬葉鞘而形成貯水器，無托葉，無葉柄，通常兩性花，稀單性花，整齊花或微不整齊、不規則，多數下位花、部分上位花或全部上位花，一般穗狀花序、總狀花序，有些會多枝再組合成複合穗狀花序、頭狀花序、圓錐花序，頂生，花莖從葉叢中央抽出，花序梗(花莖)長或短，無花梗或近無花梗，通常具艷色苞片，花生於苞片之內，花被幅形、碟形、管狀、長筒形、漏斗形、鐘形，輻射對稱或略不規則、不對稱，開展至閉合狀，花色多，花藍、青紫、紫、藍紫、紫紅、黃...等色或複色，被片六枚，二輪，外輪被片(花萼狀)三枚，分離或基部連合，覆瓦狀排列，宿存，內輪被片(花瓣狀)三枚，分離或連合呈管狀，覆瓦狀排列，基部邊緣常具一對密腺，有一對鱗片狀之附屬物，雄蕊六枚，生於花被管基部，二輪，分離、偶連合或相對附於分離之花被片上，花藥二室，縱裂，丁字形著生，花粉雙核，單溝、雙溝、雙孔或多孔，雌蕊心皮三枚，合生或離生，花柱一枚，細長，頂生，柱頭三裂，常潮濕，子房上位或子房下位，子房三室，中軸胎座，每室具多枚倒生胚珠，稀彎生胚珠，胚乳粉狀，厚珠心，蒴果，少數是莢果，常漿果狀，通常是聚合果(複合果)，是肉質多花果，筒狀圓錐形、橢圓形，呈松果狀，長可達三十公分以上，外殼常分成許多六邊形，每行中間尖狀，果皮未熟呈濃綠色，熟後轉黃、紅色，果肉黃、金、乳白色，中間包著有許多纖維之芯，通常具香氣，果頂長有冠芽，會長出叢生緊密之小葉片，種子有時具翅或具多數羽狀冠毛，胚小型，位於粉質胚乳中，胚乳豐富。

鳳梨(Bromeliaceae)科常見之屬別有：
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●Brocchinioideae：布洛鳳梨亞科
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●Bromelioideae：鳳梨(積水鳳梨)亞科
Acanthostachys(松球鳳梨屬、松毬鳳梨屬)
Aechmea(附生鳳梨屬、蜻蜓鳳梨屬、珊瑚鳳梨屬、尖萼鳳梨屬、光萼荷屬)
Ananas(鳳梨屬、觀果鳳梨屬、食用鳳梨屬)
Andrea(安氏鳳梨屬)
Androlepis(鱗蕊鳳梨屬)
Araeococcus(多穗鳳梨屬)
Billbergia(水塔花屬、筒鳳梨屬、紅筆鳳梨屬)
Bromelia(紅心鳳梨屬、模式鳳梨屬)
Canistropsis(擬心花鳳梨屬)
Canistrum(心花鳳梨屬)
Cryptanthus(姬鳳梨屬、小鳳梨屬、小型鳳梨屬、絨葉鳳梨屬、隱花鳳梨屬)
Deinacanthon(戴氏鳳梨屬)
Disteganthus(臥花鳳梨屬)
Edmundoa(埃氏鳳梨屬)
Eduandrea(安氏鳳梨屬)
Fascicularia(束花鳳梨屬)
Fernseea(費氏鳳梨屬)
Greigia(頭花鳳梨屬)
Hohenbergia(球花鳳梨屬)
Hohenbergiopsis(擬球花鳳梨屬)
Lymania(異多穗鳳梨屬)
Neoglaziovia(蘆狀鳳梨屬)
Neoregelia(彩葉鳳梨屬、五彩鳳梨屬)
Nidularium(鳥巢鳳梨屬)
Ochagavia(奧卡鳳梨屬)
Orthophytum(莪蘿鳳梨屬)
Portea(星果鳳梨屬)
Pseudaechmea(擬蜻蜓鳳梨屬)
Pseudananas(擬鳳梨屬)
Quesnelia(魁氏鳳梨屬、龜甲鳳梨屬)
Ronnbergia(倫貝鳳梨屬)
Streptocalyx(扭萼鳳梨屬)
Ursulaea(爾蘇鳳梨屬)
Wittrockia(韋氏鳳梨屬)
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●Hechtioideae：華燭之典亞科
Hechtia(銀葉鳳梨屬、華燭之典屬、刺齒鳳梨屬)
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●Lindmanioideae：光彩鳳梨亞科
Lindmania(光彩鳳梨屬)
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●Navioideae：納韋鳳梨亞科
Navia(納韋鳳梨屬)
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●Pitcairnioideae：皮氏鳳梨(沙漠鳳梨)亞科
Abromeitiella(亞菠蘿屬)
Ayensua(委內瑞拉鳳梨屬)
Brewcaria(布魯鳳梨屬)
Brocchinia(食蟲鳳梨屬、布洛鳳梨屬)
Connellia(點頭鳳梨屬)
Cottendorfia(卡田鳳梨屬)
Deuterocohnia(德氏鳳梨屬)
Dyckia(硬葉鳳梨屬)
Encholirium(大刺鳳梨屬、思口鳳梨屬)
Fosterella(伏氏鳳梨屬)
Pepinia(異翠鳳梨屬)
Pitcairnia(豔紅鳳梨屬、皮氏鳳梨屬)
Puya(普亞鳳梨屬、皇后鳳梨屬)
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●Puyoideae：皇后鳳梨亞科
Puya(皇后鳳梨屬)
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●Tillandsioideae：空氣鳳梨亞科
Alcantarea(帝王鳳梨屬)
Catopsis(嘉寶鳳梨屬)
Glomeropitcairnia(傘鳳梨屬)
Guzmania(果子蔓屬、果子蔓鳳梨屬、擎天鳳梨屬、姑氏鳳梨屬、彩紋鳳梨屬)
Mezobromelia(麥穗鳳梨屬)
Steyerbromelia(史氏菠蘿屬)
Racinaea(拉辛鳳梨屬)
Tillandsia(空氣鳳梨屬、花鳳梨屬、鐵蘭屬、木柄鳳梨屬)
Vriesea(鶯歌鳳梨屬、鶯哥鳳梨屬、鸚哥鳳梨屬、鸚鵡鳳梨屬、班氏鳳梨屬、麗穗鳳梨屬)
Werauhia(瓦奧鳳梨屬)
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