厚葉鳳梨

厚葉鳳梨學名Dyckia Schult. f.、Garrelia Gaudich.、Prionophyllum K.Koch，鳳梨科皮氏鳳梨亞科厚葉鳳梨(硬葉鳳梨、狄克、劍山之縞、雀舌蘭)屬多年生草本植物，又稱硬葉鳳梨、多漿鳳梨、狄克鳳梨、雀舌蘭、短葉雀舌蘭、劍山之縞、裏縞、縞劍山、浦島，原產於南美洲，地生類，株高約六十至一百公分，短縮莖，莖直立或斜升，單葉互生，葉約三十枚，密生，包裹短縮莖，於短莖上形成葉叢，排列呈蓮座狀，葉線狀、長鞭形，狹長狀，端部銳尖，呈刺狀，基部延伸至短莖，全緣葉或具尖銳皮刺，葉通常彎曲、扭轉，葉表皮厚，厚革質，硬質，多漿，葉灰綠色，平行脈，不明顯，無托葉，無葉柄，兩性花，整齊花，穗狀花序、總狀花序，花序自植株中央抽出，直立，上升狀，伸出葉叢，苞片淺綠、黃綠色，花生於苞片之內，花被管狀，閉合狀，微展開，輻射對稱，花黃、金黃、黃橙色，被片六枚，開展或閉合狀，二輪，外輪被片(花萼狀)三枚，分離或基部連合，覆瓦狀排列，宿存，內輪被片(花瓣狀)三枚，分離或連合呈管狀，覆瓦狀排列，基部邊緣常具一對密腺，有一對鱗片狀之附屬物，雄蕊六枚，生於花被管基部，二輪，分離、偶連合或相對附於分離之花被片上，花藥二室，縱裂，丁字形著生，雌蕊心皮三枚，合生或離生，花柱一枚，細長，頂生，柱頭三裂，子房上位或子房下位，子房三室，中軸胎座，每室具多枚倒生胚珠，稀彎生胚珠，胚乳粉狀，厚珠心，蒴果，漿果狀，聚合果(複合果)，肉質多花果，筒狀圓錐形、橢圓形，未熟呈綠色，熟後轉黃、紅色，果肉黃、白色，具香氣，果頂長有冠芽，種子具翅或具多數羽狀冠毛，胚小型，位於粉質胚乳中，胚乳豐富。

厚葉鳳梨(Dyckia)屬常見之品種有：
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Dyckia acutiflora
Dyckia affinis
Dyckia agudensis
Dyckia alba
Dyckia altissima(小雀舌蘭)
Dyckia areniticola
Dyckia atratiflora
Dyckia aurea
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Dyckia barthlottii
Dyckia beateae
Dyckia beloisae
Dyckia brachyphylla
Dyckia brachystachya
Dyckia bracteata
Dyckia brasiliana
Dyckia braunii
Dyckia brevifolia(縞劍山)
Dyckia brevifolia 'Yellow Glow'
Dyckia burchellii
Dyckia burle-marxii
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Dyckia cabrerae
Dyckia cangaphila
Dyckia choristaminea
Dyckia cinerea
Dyckia commixta
Dyckia consimilis
Dyckia coximensis
Dyckia crassifolia
Dyckia crocea
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Dyckia dawsonii
Dyckia delicata
Dyckia deltoidea
Dyckia densiflora
Dyckia dissitiflora
Dyckia distachya
Dyckia domfelicianensis
Dyckia duckei
Dyckia dusenii
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Dyckia edwardii
Dyckia elata
Dyckia elisabethae
Dyckia elongata
Dyckia eminens
Dyckia encholirioides
Dyckia espiritosantensis
Dyckia estevesii
Dyckia excelsa
Dyckia exserta
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Dyckia ferox
Dyckia ferruginea
Dyckia floribunda
Dyckia formosensis
Dyckia fosteriana
Dyckia frigida(大葉小雀舌蘭)
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Dyckia glabrifolia
Dyckia glandulosa
Dyckia goehringii
Dyckia goiana
Dyckia gouveiana
Dyckia gracilis
Dyckia grandidentata
Dyckia granmogulensis
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Dyckia hatschbachii
Dyckia hebdingii
Dyckia hohenbergioides
Dyckia horridula
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Dyckia ibicuiensis
Dyckia ibiramensis
Dyckia insignis
Dyckia irmgardiae
Dyckia irwinii
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Dyckia joanae-marcioi
Dyckia jonesiana
Dyckia julianae
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Dyckia kranziana
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Dyckia lagoensis
Dyckia leptostachya
Dyckia limae
Dyckia lindevaldae
Dyckia linearifolia
Dyckia lunaris
Dyckia lutziana
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Dyckia macedoi
Dyckia machrisiana
Dyckia macropoda
Dyckia maracasensis
Dyckia maritima
Dyckia marnier-lapostollei(銀白硬葉鳳梨)
Dyckia martinellii
Dyckia mauriziae
Dyckia mello-barretoi
Dyckia mezii
Dyckia microcalyx
Dyckia milagrensis
Dyckia minarum
Dyckia mirandana
Dyckia mitis
Dyckia montezumensis
Dyckia monticola
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Dyckia nana
Dyckia nervata
Dyckia niederleinii
Dyckia nigrospinulata
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Dyckia odorata
Dyckia orobanchoides
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Dyckia paraensis
Dyckia pauciflora
Dyckia paucispina
Dyckia pectinata
Dyckia pernambucana
Dyckia platyphylla
Dyckia polycladus
Dyckia pottiorum
Dyckia princeps
Dyckia pseudococcinea
Dyckia pulquinensis
Dyckia pumila
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Dyckia racemosa
Dyckia racinae
Dyckia ragonesei
Dyckia rariflora
Dyckia reitzii
Dyckia remotiflora
Dyckia remotiflora var. angustior
Dyckia retardata
Dyckia retroflexa
Dyckia richardii
Dyckia rigida
Dyckia rondonopolitana
Dyckia rupestris
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Dyckia saxatilis
Dyckia schwackeana
Dyckia secunda
Dyckia secundifolia
Dyckia selloa
Dyckia sellowiana
Dyckia sickii
Dyckia silvae
Dyckia simulans
Dyckia sordida
Dyckia spinulosa
Dyckia stenophylla
Dyckia stolonifera
Dyckia subinermis
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Dyckia tenebrosa
Dyckia tenuis
Dyckia tobatiensis
Dyckia tomentella
Dyckia trichostachya
Dyckia tuberosa
Dyckia tweediei
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Dyckia uleana
Dyckia ursina
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Dyckia velascana
Dyckia velloziifolia
Dyckia vestita
Dyckia vicentensis
Dyckia virgata
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Dyckia waechteri
Dyckia walteriana
Dyckia warmingii
Dyckia weddelliana
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Dyckia marnier-lapostollei × Dyckia beateae
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Dyckia 'Arizona'(亞利桑那沙漠鳳梨)
Dyckia 'Hechtia'
Dyckia ' Heaven And Hell '
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鳳梨學名Bromeliaceae Juss.，鳳梨科多年生常綠草本植物，又稱菠蘿花，原產於美洲熱帶與亞熱帶地區，分布於熱帶雨林至沙漠區域，約分地生類、附生類、氣生類三大類，觀賞鳳梨泛指鳳梨科之觀賞植物，種類繁多，常宿根性，植株多含蛋白水解酶，有粘液道與針晶體，表皮細胞含硅質體，莖通常退化，多為短莖或無莖，具基生葉或莖生葉，基生葉簇生，常呈蓮座式排列，生於根莖上，莖生葉單葉互生，常密生，於短莖上形成葉叢，呈螺旋狀排列，有時散生於稍長之莖上，葉形變化大，葉線形、條形、帶狀、狹卵形、劍形、披針形、闊卵狀...等，端部圓鈍、微尖、銳尖、漸尖、尾尖、小突尖，基部通常延伸至短莖，全緣葉，有些具刺齒、刺狀鋸齒，葉形大小依品種而異，葉厚質，堅韌，通常近直立或彎曲、扭轉，表面常凹入，葉色多樣，濃綠、深綠、灰綠、翠綠、黃綠...等色，有雙色、複色、多色、斑紋等品種，端部、基部有時紅色或其他艷色，有些具光澤，具毛或無，有些具白粉，平行脈，多不明顯，常有盾狀具柄之鱗片，可吸收水分，有些品種基部具寬葉鞘而形成貯水器，無托葉，無葉柄，通常兩性花，稀單性花，整齊花或微不整齊、不規則，多數下位花、部分上位花或全部上位花，一般穗狀花序、總狀花序，有些會多枝再組合成複合穗狀花序、頭狀花序、圓錐花序，頂生，花莖從葉叢中央抽出，花序梗(花莖)長或短，無花梗或近無花梗，通常具艷色苞片，花生於苞片之內，花被幅形、碟形、管狀、長筒形、漏斗形、鐘形，輻射對稱或略不規則、不對稱，開展至閉合狀，花色多，花藍、青紫、紫、藍紫、紫紅、黃...等色或複色，被片六枚，二輪，外輪被片(花萼狀)三枚，分離或基部連合，覆瓦狀排列，宿存，內輪被片(花瓣狀)三枚，分離或連合呈管狀，覆瓦狀排列，基部邊緣常具一對密腺，有一對鱗片狀之附屬物，雄蕊六枚，生於花被管基部，二輪，分離、偶連合或相對附於分離之花被片上，花藥二室，縱裂，丁字形著生，花粉雙核，單溝、雙溝、雙孔或多孔，雌蕊心皮三枚，合生或離生，花柱一枚，細長，頂生，柱頭三裂，常潮濕，子房上位或子房下位，子房三室，中軸胎座，每室具多枚倒生胚珠，稀彎生胚珠，胚乳粉狀，厚珠心，蒴果，少數是莢果，常漿果狀，通常是聚合果(複合果)，是肉質多花果，筒狀圓錐形、橢圓形，呈松果狀，長可達三十公分以上，外殼常分成許多六邊形，每行中間尖狀，果皮未熟呈濃綠色，熟後轉黃、紅色，果肉黃、金、乳白色，中間包著有許多纖維之芯，通常具香氣，果頂長有冠芽，會長出叢生緊密之小葉片，種子有時具翅或具多數羽狀冠毛，胚小型，位於粉質胚乳中，胚乳豐富。

鳳梨(Bromeliaceae)科常見之屬別有：
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●Brocchinioideae：布洛鳳梨亞科
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●Bromelioideae：鳳梨(積水鳳梨)亞科
Acanthostachys(松球鳳梨屬、松毬鳳梨屬)
Aechmea(附生鳳梨屬、蜻蜓鳳梨屬、珊瑚鳳梨屬、尖萼鳳梨屬、光萼荷屬)
Ananas(鳳梨屬、觀果鳳梨屬、食用鳳梨屬)
Andrea(安氏鳳梨屬)
Androlepis(鱗蕊鳳梨屬)
Araeococcus(多穗鳳梨屬)
Billbergia(水塔花屬、筒鳳梨屬、紅筆鳳梨屬)
Bromelia(紅心鳳梨屬、模式鳳梨屬)
Canistropsis(擬心花鳳梨屬)
Canistrum(心花鳳梨屬)
Cryptanthus(姬鳳梨屬、小鳳梨屬、小型鳳梨屬、絨葉鳳梨屬、隱花鳳梨屬)
Deinacanthon(戴氏鳳梨屬)
Disteganthus(臥花鳳梨屬)
Edmundoa(埃氏鳳梨屬)
Eduandrea(安氏鳳梨屬)
Fascicularia(束花鳳梨屬)
Fernseea(費氏鳳梨屬)
Greigia(頭花鳳梨屬)
Hohenbergia(球花鳳梨屬)
Hohenbergiopsis(擬球花鳳梨屬)
Lymania(異多穗鳳梨屬)
Neoglaziovia(蘆狀鳳梨屬)
Neoregelia(彩葉鳳梨屬、五彩鳳梨屬)
Nidularium(鳥巢鳳梨屬)
Ochagavia(奧卡鳳梨屬)
Orthophytum(莪蘿鳳梨屬)
Portea(星果鳳梨屬)
Pseudaechmea(擬蜻蜓鳳梨屬)
Pseudananas(擬鳳梨屬)
Quesnelia(魁氏鳳梨屬、龜甲鳳梨屬)
Ronnbergia(倫貝鳳梨屬)
Streptocalyx(扭萼鳳梨屬)
Ursulaea(爾蘇鳳梨屬)
Wittrockia(韋氏鳳梨屬)
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●Hechtioideae：華燭之典亞科
Hechtia(銀葉鳳梨屬、華燭之典屬、刺齒鳳梨屬)
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●Lindmanioideae：光彩鳳梨亞科
Lindmania(光彩鳳梨屬)
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●Navioideae：納韋鳳梨亞科
Navia(納韋鳳梨屬)
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●Pitcairnioideae：皮氏鳳梨(沙漠鳳梨)亞科
Abromeitiella(亞菠蘿屬)
Ayensua(委內瑞拉鳳梨屬)
Brewcaria(布魯鳳梨屬)
Brocchinia(食蟲鳳梨屬、布洛鳳梨屬)
Connellia(點頭鳳梨屬)
Cottendorfia(卡田鳳梨屬)
Deuterocohnia(德氏鳳梨屬)
Dyckia(硬葉鳳梨屬)
Encholirium(大刺鳳梨屬、思口鳳梨屬)
Fosterella(伏氏鳳梨屬)
Pepinia(異翠鳳梨屬)
Pitcairnia(豔紅鳳梨屬、皮氏鳳梨屬)
Puya(普亞鳳梨屬、皇后鳳梨屬)
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●Puyoideae：皇后鳳梨亞科
Puya(皇后鳳梨屬)
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●Tillandsioideae：空氣鳳梨亞科
Alcantarea(帝王鳳梨屬)
Catopsis(嘉寶鳳梨屬)
Glomeropitcairnia(傘鳳梨屬)
Guzmania(果子蔓屬、果子蔓鳳梨屬、擎天鳳梨屬、姑氏鳳梨屬、彩紋鳳梨屬)
Mezobromelia(麥穗鳳梨屬)
Steyerbromelia(史氏菠蘿屬)
Racinaea(拉辛鳳梨屬)
Tillandsia(空氣鳳梨屬、花鳳梨屬、鐵蘭屬、木柄鳳梨屬)
Vriesea(鶯歌鳳梨屬、鶯哥鳳梨屬、鸚哥鳳梨屬、鸚鵡鳳梨屬、班氏鳳梨屬、麗穗鳳梨屬)
Werauhia(瓦奧鳳梨屬)
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