大波斯菊

大波斯菊學名Cosmos bipinnatus Cavanilles、Cosmea bipinnata Willd.、Cosmea tenuifolia Lindl. ex Heynh.、Cosmea tenuifolia (Lindl.) J. W. Loudon、Cosmos formosa Bonato、Cosmos hybridus Auct.、Cosmos spectabilis Auct.、Cosmos tenuifolia Lindl.、Bidens bipinnata Baill.、Bidens formosa (Bonato) Sch.Bip.、Bidens lindleyi Sch.Bip.、Coreopsis formosa Bonato、Coreopsis formosa Bonato ex Pritz.、Georgia bipinnata (Cav.) Spreng.，英文名Mexican Aster，菊科波斯菊(秋英)屬一年生或越年生草本植物，又稱波斯菊、上海菊、考斯慕士菊、大春菊、大春車菊、秋英菊、秋英、秋櫻、五瓣梅、苕帚梅、笤帚梅、掃帚梅、帚梅、格桑花，原產於墨西哥，株高約三十至二百公分，根紡錘狀，多鬚根，或近莖基部有不定根，莖直立，具溝紋，多分枝，無毛或稍被柔毛，葉對生，二回羽狀分裂，裂片狹線形、披針形、長橢圓形，稀疏叉狀，小裂片對生或不對生，裂端微尖、短尖，基部延伸，小裂片裂緣全緣，葉長約十公分，葉面綠色，羽狀脈，無托葉，具葉柄，兩性花、單性花，上位花，整齊花，頭狀花序，頂生或腋生，頭花輻射狀排列，徑約四至十公分，頭花單生於莖稍或排成繖房狀，頭花梗細長，脆弱，花托扁平或略突起，托片膜質，離生，宿存，無托毛，總苞半球形、圓筒形，二輪，副花萼線形至錐形，五至八枚，基部合生，外圍邊花是雌花、中性花，多為一輪單瓣型，一般六至八枚，有重瓣型，花萼退化，花冠舌形、倒卵形、橢圓形，花白、粉紅、紅、紫紅、黃、橙...等色或複色，全緣，檐部齒裂，裂片(花瓣)合生，中央管狀花是兩性花，花多數，花萼冠毛狀，花冠管形，花黃色，管部短，上部圓柱形，五齒裂，裂片披針狀，裂片(花瓣)合生，雄蕊五枚，著生於花冠筒，花絲離生，花藥頂端具附屬物，合生筒狀，包圍花柱，雌蕊心皮二枚，合生，花柱細長，突出於花冠，二叉，分枝細，分枝頂端膨大，截形或具附屬物，被乳頭狀突起或短毛，柱頭二枚，子房下位，子房一室，基生(底生)胎座，瘦果，線形，熟時黑色，具四、五稜，具長喙，喙頂具冠毛，二至四條，倒刺毛狀芒刺，褐色。

大波斯菊(Cosmos bipinnatus)常見之園藝品種有：
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'albiflorus'：白色
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Antiquity'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Apricot'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Campus Apricot'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Candy Stripe'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Daydream'(白日夢)：白色 內部有粉紅色環紋
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Dazzler'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Deep Red Campus'：深紅色
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Double Click'：重瓣
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Double Click Cranberries'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Double Click Rose Bonbon'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Double Click White'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Dwarf Sensation Mix'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Early Sensation Mixed'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Fizzy Rose Picotee'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Gazebo White'：白色
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Gloria'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Ladybird Scarlet'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Little Princess'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Mixed Hybrids, Noids'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Orange Campus'：橙色
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'peppermint rock'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Phillipine'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Picotee'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Picotee Cosmos'：紋瓣
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Pied Piper Red'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Pinkie'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Prom Dress'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Psyche White'：白色
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Psycho'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Purity'：白色
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Radiance'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Rubenza'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Seashells'(海貝)
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation'(轟動)
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation Mix'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sensation Mixed'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sonata'(索那達)
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sonata White'：白色
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Snow Puff'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Summer Dreams'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sunset Yellow'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Versailles'(凡爾賽)
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Versailles Rose'
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Versailles Tetra'
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'White Sensation'：白色
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Xanthos'：黃色
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Cosmos bipinnatus 'Yellow Campus'：黃色
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Yellow Crimson Campus'：紅黃複色
Cosmos bipinnatus 'Yellow Garden'(黃色花園)
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